• Re: Simplifying the Church / Turing thesis (algebraic geometry)

    From Ross Finlayson@ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri May 15 07:46:14 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.math

    On 05/15/2026 07:27 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/14/2026 10:44 PM, Mikko wrote:
    On 14/05/2026 18:30, olcott wrote:
    On 5/14/2026 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 13/05/2026 18:28, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 9:38 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 08:20, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 6:56 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 05:18, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 10:02 PM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-12 07:32, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 11/05/2026 14:44, olcott wrote:
    On 5/11/2026 2:24 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/05/2026 22:06, olcott wrote:

    We don't have the knowledge that all undecidability is >>>>>>>>>>>>>> merely semantic
    incoherence, and can't know because we already know that >>>>>>>>>>>>>> there is
    undecidability that is not semantic incoherence. FOr >>>>>>>>>>>>>> example the
    axiom system

    reCx (1riax = x)

    1.5 != 5 re| you are wrong and I am couinting the rest as >>>>>>>>>>>>> gibberish

    Middle dot is a commonly used mathematical operator. In this >>>>>>>>>>>> context
    where the purpose of the operation is not specified some >>>>>>>>>>>> other symbols
    are often used instead, like rey or reO, or operands are just put >>>>>>>>>>>> side by
    side with no operator between.

    If commonly used mathematics is gibberish to you then we many >>>>>>>>>>>> safely
    conclude that you have nothing useful to offer to the groups >>>>>>>>>>>> you
    posted to.

    reCx (xria1 = x)
    reCxreCyreCz (xria(yriaz) = (xriay)riaz)
    reCxreay (xriay = 1)
    reCxreay (yriax = 1)

    is useful for many purposes. But there are sentences like >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    reCxreay (xriay = yriax)

    that are undecidable in that system. But there is notiong >>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantically
    incoherent in that example or similar ones.

    I'm curious to know how you would actually address Mikko's >>>>>>>>>> point here. He's pointed out the rather obvious error in your >>>>>>>>>> reading comprehension, but you've simply glossed over the
    example.

    In what sense is reCxreay (xriay = yriax) "semantically incoherent"? >>>>>>>>>>
    Andr|-


    Decimal point versus multiplication operator?
    If it is a decimal point then it is incoherent.

    Obviously its nor a decimal point. He gave you the actual axioms >>>>>>>> which define the dot operator, so there should be no dispute as >>>>>>>> to its meaning.

    The point is that reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is not decidable from those >>>>>>>> axioms,yet it is clearly semantically coherent.

    Andr|-


    reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is proven true by reCxreCy (xriay = yriax) >>>>>>> which is proven true by the commutative property of multiplication. >>>>>>>
    https://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/blins/classes/fall18/math105/ >>>>>>> Examples/AlgebraAxioms.pdf

    But then you're introducing a new axiom which isn't part of the set >>>>>> of axioms which he introduced.

    My thesis:
    The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language can be encoded as relations between finite strings.

    Therefore, you're not dealing with the same theory.

    *The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed in language*
    Is the scope. That some knucklehead can fail to bother to define
    that "cats are animals" so that his knucklehead formal system
    does not know this IS OFF-TOPIC.

    The entire body of knowledge includes that i-# = -1, j-# = -1, k-# = -1, >>>> and ijk = -1. From these we can infer that ij = k and ji = -k and
    that ij rea ji, at least when we are talking about Hamilton's
    quaternions.

    i-| = i
    i-# = -1
    i-| = -i

    The entire body of general knowledge expressed in
    language includes the "atomic facts" about imaginary
    numbers in a finite list and the semantic relations
    between finite strings in a finite list such that
    any combination of the above can be derived, no
    longer a finite list.

    Imaginary numbers themselves may be an incoherent notion.
    In this case they would not be included in the body of
    knowledge.

    So a part of the body of knowledge is that multiplication is not
    commutative except in restricted domains, so your above claim to
    the contrary is not true.


    Never seen "restricted" to mean "abelian".

    The "restricted" usually refers to "restriction of comprehension",
    or reductionist accounts making for things like "restricted relativity", vis-a-vis the "general" or "restricted" (or "special"),
    though I have heard a joke about "abelian grapes", vis-a-vis,
    abelian groups (those being groups that are commutative i.e.
    that their operation is having the property of commutativity).

    How about "adeles and etales" then, those are pretty simply
    accounts of modularity about the integer moduli. Lots of
    acounts of "algebra" are quite more direct when they're
    "arithmetizations" besides "algebraizations".

    Many people who've studied "algebra" never heard of "magmas".



    ("What's red and green and goes 90 mph?", is a question
    that all school-children for decades before the Internet
    would've heard.)


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_ring https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tale https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_product

    "... with these moduli problems which are "really" defined over
    cyclotomic integer rings rather than over Z.


    I'd suggest that by the time that adeles or etales are invoked,
    that usually enough "almost-everywhere" has been invoked,
    and that "almost-purity" is "somewhere-dirty".

    Then accounts of integers themselves and the super-Archimedean,
    e.g., having a point at infinity, and whether that's non-Archimedean,
    speaks more to the character of "arithmetizations" than
    "agebraizations", since most of the "algebraic geometry"
    since "Bourbaki and Langlands" are not quite so much "geometers".




    Buried in "Bourbaki and Langlands" are many results "old-wrapped-as-new"
    and the account since Bourbaki of muddying "inequality"
    with "strict inequality" when "algebraic geometry" had a great
    fracturing between the algebraists and geometers, then has that
    the "function theory" and "topology" of "algebraic geometry"
    is often neither, for accounts like Lefschetz as more from
    the "geometer's" side of "algebraic geometry".

    So, after "arithmetic and analysis and algebra", then the
    "function theory and topology" are often all over themselves
    in "algebra" and not so much "arithmetic and analysis".

    Here a "continuous topology" is its own initial and final topology,
    and "functions" include the Cartesian and some examples after
    geometry and number theory the "non-Cartesian", making, for example, for
    where "countable continuous domains" have their proper models
    then that it's a result in the Cantorian that some functions are
    non-Cartesian, or "un-Cartesian", so that besides being constructively
    the countable continuous domains, they don't contradict the un-countability.

    The "algebraic geometry" then "differential geometry" are often
    quite all over themselves in their own particular sub-fields
    and with their own particular accounts of language, and
    not-quite-everywhere "everywhere", any almost-everywhere.

    I.e., "algebraic geometers" aren't exactly geometers,
    and "differential geometers" aren't exactly analysts.

    "Strictly", ....


    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri May 15 07:54:47 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.math

    On 05/15/2026 07:46 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:27 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/14/2026 10:44 PM, Mikko wrote:
    On 14/05/2026 18:30, olcott wrote:
    On 5/14/2026 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 13/05/2026 18:28, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 9:38 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 08:20, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 6:56 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 05:18, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 10:02 PM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-12 07:32, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 11/05/2026 14:44, olcott wrote:
    On 5/11/2026 2:24 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/05/2026 22:06, olcott wrote:

    We don't have the knowledge that all undecidability is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> merely semantic
    incoherence, and can't know because we already know that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> there is
    undecidability that is not semantic incoherence. FOr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example the
    axiom system

    reCx (1riax = x)

    1.5 != 5 re| you are wrong and I am couinting the rest as >>>>>>>>>>>>>> gibberish

    Middle dot is a commonly used mathematical operator. In this >>>>>>>>>>>>> context
    where the purpose of the operation is not specified some >>>>>>>>>>>>> other symbols
    are often used instead, like rey or reO, or operands are just put >>>>>>>>>>>>> side by
    side with no operator between.

    If commonly used mathematics is gibberish to you then we many >>>>>>>>>>>>> safely
    conclude that you have nothing useful to offer to the groups >>>>>>>>>>>>> you
    posted to.

    reCx (xria1 = x)
    reCxreCyreCz (xria(yriaz) = (xriay)riaz)
    reCxreay (xriay = 1)
    reCxreay (yriax = 1)

    is useful for many purposes. But there are sentences like >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    reCxreay (xriay = yriax)

    that are undecidable in that system. But there is notiong >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantically
    incoherent in that example or similar ones.

    I'm curious to know how you would actually address Mikko's >>>>>>>>>>> point here. He's pointed out the rather obvious error in your >>>>>>>>>>> reading comprehension, but you've simply glossed over the >>>>>>>>>>> example.

    In what sense is reCxreay (xriay = yriax) "semantically incoherent"?

    Andr|-


    Decimal point versus multiplication operator?
    If it is a decimal point then it is incoherent.

    Obviously its nor a decimal point. He gave you the actual axioms >>>>>>>>> which define the dot operator, so there should be no dispute as >>>>>>>>> to its meaning.

    The point is that reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is not decidable from those
    axioms,yet it is clearly semantically coherent.

    Andr|-


    reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is proven true by reCxreCy (xriay = yriax) >>>>>>>> which is proven true by the commutative property of multiplication. >>>>>>>>
    https://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/blins/classes/fall18/math105/ >>>>>>>> Examples/AlgebraAxioms.pdf

    But then you're introducing a new axiom which isn't part of the set >>>>>>> of axioms which he introduced.

    My thesis:
    The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language can be encoded as relations between finite strings.

    Therefore, you're not dealing with the same theory.

    *The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed in language*
    Is the scope. That some knucklehead can fail to bother to define
    that "cats are animals" so that his knucklehead formal system
    does not know this IS OFF-TOPIC.

    The entire body of knowledge includes that i-# = -1, j-# = -1, k-# = -1, >>>>> and ijk = -1. From these we can infer that ij = k and ji = -k and
    that ij rea ji, at least when we are talking about Hamilton's
    quaternions.

    i-| = i
    i-# = -1
    i-| = -i

    The entire body of general knowledge expressed in
    language includes the "atomic facts" about imaginary
    numbers in a finite list and the semantic relations
    between finite strings in a finite list such that
    any combination of the above can be derived, no
    longer a finite list.

    Imaginary numbers themselves may be an incoherent notion.
    In this case they would not be included in the body of
    knowledge.

    So a part of the body of knowledge is that multiplication is not
    commutative except in restricted domains, so your above claim to
    the contrary is not true.


    Never seen "restricted" to mean "abelian".

    The "restricted" usually refers to "restriction of comprehension",
    or reductionist accounts making for things like "restricted relativity",
    vis-a-vis the "general" or "restricted" (or "special"),
    though I have heard a joke about "abelian grapes", vis-a-vis,
    abelian groups (those being groups that are commutative i.e.
    that their operation is having the property of commutativity).

    How about "adeles and etales" then, those are pretty simply
    accounts of modularity about the integer moduli. Lots of
    acounts of "algebra" are quite more direct when they're
    "arithmetizations" besides "algebraizations".

    Many people who've studied "algebra" never heard of "magmas".



    ("What's red and green and goes 90 mph?", is a question
    that all school-children for decades before the Internet
    would've heard.)


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_ring
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tale
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_product

    "... with these moduli problems which are "really" defined over
    cyclotomic integer rings rather than over Z.


    I'd suggest that by the time that adeles or etales are invoked,
    that usually enough "almost-everywhere" has been invoked,
    and that "almost-purity" is "somewhere-dirty".

    Then accounts of integers themselves and the super-Archimedean,
    e.g., having a point at infinity, and whether that's non-Archimedean,
    speaks more to the character of "arithmetizations" than
    "agebraizations", since most of the "algebraic geometry"
    since "Bourbaki and Langlands" are not quite so much "geometers".




    Buried in "Bourbaki and Langlands" are many results "old-wrapped-as-new"
    and the account since Bourbaki of muddying "inequality"
    with "strict inequality" when "algebraic geometry" had a great
    fracturing between the algebraists and geometers, then has that
    the "function theory" and "topology" of "algebraic geometry"
    is often neither, for accounts like Lefschetz as more from
    the "geometer's" side of "algebraic geometry".

    So, after "arithmetic and analysis and algebra", then the
    "function theory and topology" are often all over themselves
    in "algebra" and not so much "arithmetic and analysis".

    Here a "continuous topology" is its own initial and final topology,
    and "functions" include the Cartesian and some examples after
    geometry and number theory the "non-Cartesian", making, for example, for where "countable continuous domains" have their proper models
    then that it's a result in the Cantorian that some functions are non-Cartesian, or "un-Cartesian", so that besides being constructively
    the countable continuous domains, they don't contradict the
    un-countability.

    The "algebraic geometry" then "differential geometry" are often
    quite all over themselves in their own particular sub-fields
    and with their own particular accounts of language, and
    not-quite-everywhere "everywhere", any almost-everywhere.

    I.e., "algebraic geometers" aren't exactly geometers,
    and "differential geometers" aren't exactly analysts.

    "Strictly", ....




    https://www.jmilne.org/math/apocrypha.html :

    "Finally, a story to keep in mind the next time you ask a totally stupid question at a major lecture. During a Bourbaki seminar on the status of
    the classification problem for simple finite groups, the speaker
    mentioned that it was not known whether a simple group (the monster)
    existed of a certain order. "Could there be more than one simple group
    of that order?" asked Weil from the audience. "Yes, there could" replied
    the speaker. "Well, could there be infinitely many?" asked Weil."

    The "K-theory" or "representation" theory is often hiding essentially "mis-representation" or truncations/approximations then to get the
    neat algebraic properties then for what arithmetic provides about
    geometry. "Almost-purity?", ..., actually dirty.




    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri May 15 08:34:40 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.math

    On 05/15/2026 07:54 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:46 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:27 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/14/2026 10:44 PM, Mikko wrote:
    On 14/05/2026 18:30, olcott wrote:
    On 5/14/2026 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 13/05/2026 18:28, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 9:38 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 08:20, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 6:56 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 05:18, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 10:02 PM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-12 07:32, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 11/05/2026 14:44, olcott wrote:
    On 5/11/2026 2:24 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/05/2026 22:06, olcott wrote:

    We don't have the knowledge that all undecidability is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> merely semantic
    incoherence, and can't know because we already know that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> there is
    undecidability that is not semantic incoherence. FOr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example the
    axiom system

    reCx (1riax = x)

    1.5 != 5 re| you are wrong and I am couinting the rest as >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> gibberish

    Middle dot is a commonly used mathematical operator. In this >>>>>>>>>>>>>> context
    where the purpose of the operation is not specified some >>>>>>>>>>>>>> other symbols
    are often used instead, like rey or reO, or operands are just put
    side by
    side with no operator between.

    If commonly used mathematics is gibberish to you then we many >>>>>>>>>>>>>> safely
    conclude that you have nothing useful to offer to the groups >>>>>>>>>>>>>> you
    posted to.

    reCx (xria1 = x)
    reCxreCyreCz (xria(yriaz) = (xriay)riaz)
    reCxreay (xriay = 1)
    reCxreay (yriax = 1)

    is useful for many purposes. But there are sentences like >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    reCxreay (xriay = yriax)

    that are undecidable in that system. But there is notiong >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantically
    incoherent in that example or similar ones.

    I'm curious to know how you would actually address Mikko's >>>>>>>>>>>> point here. He's pointed out the rather obvious error in your >>>>>>>>>>>> reading comprehension, but you've simply glossed over the >>>>>>>>>>>> example.

    In what sense is reCxreay (xriay = yriax) "semantically incoherent"?

    Andr|-


    Decimal point versus multiplication operator?
    If it is a decimal point then it is incoherent.

    Obviously its nor a decimal point. He gave you the actual axioms >>>>>>>>>> which define the dot operator, so there should be no dispute as >>>>>>>>>> to its meaning.

    The point is that reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is not decidable from those
    axioms,yet it is clearly semantically coherent.

    Andr|-


    reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is proven true by reCxreCy (xriay = yriax) >>>>>>>>> which is proven true by the commutative property of
    multiplication.

    https://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/blins/classes/fall18/math105/ >>>>>>>>> Examples/AlgebraAxioms.pdf

    But then you're introducing a new axiom which isn't part of the set >>>>>>>> of axioms which he introduced.

    My thesis:
    The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language can be encoded as relations between finite strings.

    Therefore, you're not dealing with the same theory.

    *The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed in language* >>>>>>> Is the scope. That some knucklehead can fail to bother to define >>>>>>> that "cats are animals" so that his knucklehead formal system
    does not know this IS OFF-TOPIC.

    The entire body of knowledge includes that i-# = -1, j-# = -1, k-# = -1, >>>>>> and ijk = -1. From these we can infer that ij = k and ji = -k and
    that ij rea ji, at least when we are talking about Hamilton's
    quaternions.

    i-| = i
    i-# = -1
    i-| = -i

    The entire body of general knowledge expressed in
    language includes the "atomic facts" about imaginary
    numbers in a finite list and the semantic relations
    between finite strings in a finite list such that
    any combination of the above can be derived, no
    longer a finite list.

    Imaginary numbers themselves may be an incoherent notion.
    In this case they would not be included in the body of
    knowledge.

    So a part of the body of knowledge is that multiplication is not
    commutative except in restricted domains, so your above claim to
    the contrary is not true.


    Never seen "restricted" to mean "abelian".

    The "restricted" usually refers to "restriction of comprehension",
    or reductionist accounts making for things like "restricted relativity", >>> vis-a-vis the "general" or "restricted" (or "special"),
    though I have heard a joke about "abelian grapes", vis-a-vis,
    abelian groups (those being groups that are commutative i.e.
    that their operation is having the property of commutativity).

    How about "adeles and etales" then, those are pretty simply
    accounts of modularity about the integer moduli. Lots of
    acounts of "algebra" are quite more direct when they're
    "arithmetizations" besides "algebraizations".

    Many people who've studied "algebra" never heard of "magmas".



    ("What's red and green and goes 90 mph?", is a question
    that all school-children for decades before the Internet
    would've heard.)


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_ring
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tale
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_product

    "... with these moduli problems which are "really" defined over
    cyclotomic integer rings rather than over Z.


    I'd suggest that by the time that adeles or etales are invoked,
    that usually enough "almost-everywhere" has been invoked,
    and that "almost-purity" is "somewhere-dirty".

    Then accounts of integers themselves and the super-Archimedean,
    e.g., having a point at infinity, and whether that's non-Archimedean,
    speaks more to the character of "arithmetizations" than
    "agebraizations", since most of the "algebraic geometry"
    since "Bourbaki and Langlands" are not quite so much "geometers".




    Buried in "Bourbaki and Langlands" are many results "old-wrapped-as-new"
    and the account since Bourbaki of muddying "inequality"
    with "strict inequality" when "algebraic geometry" had a great
    fracturing between the algebraists and geometers, then has that
    the "function theory" and "topology" of "algebraic geometry"
    is often neither, for accounts like Lefschetz as more from
    the "geometer's" side of "algebraic geometry".

    So, after "arithmetic and analysis and algebra", then the
    "function theory and topology" are often all over themselves
    in "algebra" and not so much "arithmetic and analysis".

    Here a "continuous topology" is its own initial and final topology,
    and "functions" include the Cartesian and some examples after
    geometry and number theory the "non-Cartesian", making, for example, for
    where "countable continuous domains" have their proper models
    then that it's a result in the Cantorian that some functions are
    non-Cartesian, or "un-Cartesian", so that besides being constructively
    the countable continuous domains, they don't contradict the
    un-countability.

    The "algebraic geometry" then "differential geometry" are often
    quite all over themselves in their own particular sub-fields
    and with their own particular accounts of language, and
    not-quite-everywhere "everywhere", any almost-everywhere.

    I.e., "algebraic geometers" aren't exactly geometers,
    and "differential geometers" aren't exactly analysts.

    "Strictly", ....




    https://www.jmilne.org/math/apocrypha.html :

    "Finally, a story to keep in mind the next time you ask a totally stupid question at a major lecture. During a Bourbaki seminar on the status of
    the classification problem for simple finite groups, the speaker
    mentioned that it was not known whether a simple group (the monster)
    existed of a certain order. "Could there be more than one simple group
    of that order?" asked Weil from the audience. "Yes, there could" replied
    the speaker. "Well, could there be infinitely many?" asked Weil."

    The "K-theory" or "representation" theory is often hiding essentially "mis-representation" or truncations/approximations then to get the
    neat algebraic properties then for what arithmetic provides about
    geometry. "Almost-purity?", ..., actually dirty.






    https://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344371879_Reflections_on_Bourbaki%27s_Notion_of_Structure_and_Categories

    "Here Bourbaki/Dieudonn|- uses the phrase "tower of Babel" with its usual connotation of "place of confusion"."


    "Thus the tower of Babel might be seen, not as representing the
    jumble of separate practices that Bourbaki deplores, but rather as the
    unity that they wished to impose on mathematics. In that case,
    Bourbaki's |elements would, ironically perhaps, amount precisely to the
    attempt to build a mathematical "tower of Babel". The
    fact that Bourbaki failed - as is well-known - to complete his grandiose project as originally conceived was not, as in Genesis, the result of
    God sowing linguistic confusion - the Bourbaki members, after all, still
    spoke a common mathematical language. Rather, BourbakirCOs project was
    simply too ambitious to be brought to completion. Nevertheless, the
    |el|-ments, unlike the tower of Babel, remains a
    magnificent plinth."




    "Bourbaki identifies three basic types of mathematical structure -
    structures m|?res" - or "mother structures". These are algebraic, order,
    and topological structures, which can be summed up as the "three C's" : Combination, Comparison and Continuity."


    These quotes of Bell, who also from his web-page has a variety of
    essays on continuity, are insightful, and here it can be very plainly
    obvious that a usual account of "ZFC + Martin's Axiom a.k.a. the
    illative or univalency: the strength of ZFC and two large cardinals",
    has that
    well-foundedness and well-ordering and well-dispersion
    are as of three sorts "rulialities/regularities" that make for
    "combination, comparison, and continuity",
    then usually that those are to be reversed in order.


    Bourbaki/Dieudonne wrote (as quoted by Bell): "To set up the axiomatic
    theory of a given structure amounts to the deduction of the logical consequences of the axioms of the structure, excluding every other
    hypothesis on the elements under consideration (in particular, every
    hypothesis as to their own nature)."


    Bell: "Accordingly, the departure from the scene of the concept of set
    opened the way for Bourbaki to maintain that the unity of mathematics
    stems, not from the set concept, but from the concept of structure."


    Then, here those are as of structural realists' heno-theories,
    not nominalist fictionalists' accounts of the not-thereof.


    Bell: "In any case, as already remarked, Bourbaki's general concept of structure, organized into species, plays only a very minor role in his
    actual development of mathematics. By and large, only specific kinds of structure are discussed: e.g., topological spaces, algebraic structures,
    and combinations of the two such as topological groups. In
    practice, the role of structure in general is played by the defining
    axioms of the various species of structures."




    It doesn't take a very generous or biased reading of Bell to have him
    throwing quite a bit of shade on Bourbaki as alike a troll who espouses
    a universal for completion then immediately recidivates.

    As to why "category theory" and "model theory" need definitions of
    "faithful" the functors and witnesses the models, the structures in the
    theory, is because they haven't been.




    Bell's great paper "Reflections on Bourbaki's Notion of Structure and Categories" is rather a quite fantastic survey and introduction, and
    while it has any number of mathematical formulas each of which will
    halve the popular audience, it as well has quite a number of diagrams
    which speak directly to graphical learners.

    Bell: "In 1940 Stone established what amounts to the duality between the category of compact Hausdorff spaces and the category of real
    C*-algebras - commutative rings equipped rings with an order structure
    and a norm naturally possessed by rings of bounded real-valued intensive quantities."

    Accounts like Naimark's "Normed Rings" is quite a different and more conscientious approach, than just "equipping" the things, and forgetting
    the differences.



    Bell: "In the transition from Bourbaki's account of mathematics to its category-theoretic formulation, what is the fate of the "mother
    structures"? It is remarkable that, given Bourbaki`s distaste for logic,
    their mother structures came to play a key role in establishing the
    connection between category theory and logic."

    Bell closes the paper: "By contrast, category theorists - those, at
    least, who are sensitive to such issues (and those constitute the
    majority) - regard set theory as a kind of ladder leading from pure discreteness to the depiction of the mathematical landscape in terms of
    pure Form. Categorists are no different from artists in finding the
    landscape (or its depiction, at least) more interesting than the ladder,
    which should, following Wittgenstein's advice, be jettisoned after ascent."


    There's that damn Wittgenstein again: claiming that it's
    inter-subjective that nobody else is, and stealing the last parachute.







    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri May 15 09:08:21 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.math

    On 05/15/2026 08:34 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:54 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:46 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:27 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/14/2026 10:44 PM, Mikko wrote:
    On 14/05/2026 18:30, olcott wrote:
    On 5/14/2026 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 13/05/2026 18:28, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 9:38 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 08:20, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 6:56 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 05:18, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 10:02 PM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-12 07:32, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 11/05/2026 14:44, olcott wrote:
    On 5/11/2026 2:24 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/05/2026 22:06, olcott wrote:

    We don't have the knowledge that all undecidability is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> merely semantic
    incoherence, and can't know because we already know that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> there is
    undecidability that is not semantic incoherence. FOr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example the
    axiom system

    reCx (1riax = x)

    1.5 != 5 re| you are wrong and I am couinting the rest as >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> gibberish

    Middle dot is a commonly used mathematical operator. In this >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> context
    where the purpose of the operation is not specified some >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> other symbols
    are often used instead, like rey or reO, or operands are just >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> put
    side by
    side with no operator between.

    If commonly used mathematics is gibberish to you then we >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> many
    safely
    conclude that you have nothing useful to offer to the groups >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> you
    posted to.

    reCx (xria1 = x)
    reCxreCyreCz (xria(yriaz) = (xriay)riaz)
    reCxreay (xriay = 1)
    reCxreay (yriax = 1)

    is useful for many purposes. But there are sentences like >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    reCxreay (xriay = yriax)

    that are undecidable in that system. But there is notiong >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantically
    incoherent in that example or similar ones.

    I'm curious to know how you would actually address Mikko's >>>>>>>>>>>>> point here. He's pointed out the rather obvious error in your >>>>>>>>>>>>> reading comprehension, but you've simply glossed over the >>>>>>>>>>>>> example.

    In what sense is reCxreay (xriay = yriax) "semantically incoherent"?

    Andr|-


    Decimal point versus multiplication operator?
    If it is a decimal point then it is incoherent.

    Obviously its nor a decimal point. He gave you the actual axioms >>>>>>>>>>> which define the dot operator, so there should be no dispute as >>>>>>>>>>> to its meaning.

    The point is that reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is not decidable from those
    axioms,yet it is clearly semantically coherent.

    Andr|-


    reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is proven true by reCxreCy (xriay = yriax) >>>>>>>>>> which is proven true by the commutative property of
    multiplication.

    https://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/blins/classes/fall18/math105/ >>>>>>>>>>
    Examples/AlgebraAxioms.pdf

    But then you're introducing a new axiom which isn't part of the >>>>>>>>> set
    of axioms which he introduced.

    My thesis:
    The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language can be encoded as relations between finite strings. >>>>>>>>
    Therefore, you're not dealing with the same theory.

    *The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed in language* >>>>>>>> Is the scope. That some knucklehead can fail to bother to define >>>>>>>> that "cats are animals" so that his knucklehead formal system
    does not know this IS OFF-TOPIC.

    The entire body of knowledge includes that i-# = -1, j-# = -1, k-# = >>>>>>> -1,
    and ijk = -1. From these we can infer that ij = k and ji = -k and >>>>>>> that ij rea ji, at least when we are talking about Hamilton's
    quaternions.

    i-| = i
    i-# = -1
    i-| = -i

    The entire body of general knowledge expressed in
    language includes the "atomic facts" about imaginary
    numbers in a finite list and the semantic relations
    between finite strings in a finite list such that
    any combination of the above can be derived, no
    longer a finite list.

    Imaginary numbers themselves may be an incoherent notion.
    In this case they would not be included in the body of
    knowledge.

    So a part of the body of knowledge is that multiplication is not
    commutative except in restricted domains, so your above claim to
    the contrary is not true.


    Never seen "restricted" to mean "abelian".

    The "restricted" usually refers to "restriction of comprehension",
    or reductionist accounts making for things like "restricted
    relativity",
    vis-a-vis the "general" or "restricted" (or "special"),
    though I have heard a joke about "abelian grapes", vis-a-vis,
    abelian groups (those being groups that are commutative i.e.
    that their operation is having the property of commutativity).

    How about "adeles and etales" then, those are pretty simply
    accounts of modularity about the integer moduli. Lots of
    acounts of "algebra" are quite more direct when they're
    "arithmetizations" besides "algebraizations".

    Many people who've studied "algebra" never heard of "magmas".



    ("What's red and green and goes 90 mph?", is a question
    that all school-children for decades before the Internet
    would've heard.)


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_ring
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tale
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_product

    "... with these moduli problems which are "really" defined over
    cyclotomic integer rings rather than over Z.


    I'd suggest that by the time that adeles or etales are invoked,
    that usually enough "almost-everywhere" has been invoked,
    and that "almost-purity" is "somewhere-dirty".

    Then accounts of integers themselves and the super-Archimedean,
    e.g., having a point at infinity, and whether that's non-Archimedean,
    speaks more to the character of "arithmetizations" than
    "agebraizations", since most of the "algebraic geometry"
    since "Bourbaki and Langlands" are not quite so much "geometers".




    Buried in "Bourbaki and Langlands" are many results "old-wrapped-as-new" >>> and the account since Bourbaki of muddying "inequality"
    with "strict inequality" when "algebraic geometry" had a great
    fracturing between the algebraists and geometers, then has that
    the "function theory" and "topology" of "algebraic geometry"
    is often neither, for accounts like Lefschetz as more from
    the "geometer's" side of "algebraic geometry".

    So, after "arithmetic and analysis and algebra", then the
    "function theory and topology" are often all over themselves
    in "algebra" and not so much "arithmetic and analysis".

    Here a "continuous topology" is its own initial and final topology,
    and "functions" include the Cartesian and some examples after
    geometry and number theory the "non-Cartesian", making, for example, for >>> where "countable continuous domains" have their proper models
    then that it's a result in the Cantorian that some functions are
    non-Cartesian, or "un-Cartesian", so that besides being constructively
    the countable continuous domains, they don't contradict the
    un-countability.

    The "algebraic geometry" then "differential geometry" are often
    quite all over themselves in their own particular sub-fields
    and with their own particular accounts of language, and
    not-quite-everywhere "everywhere", any almost-everywhere.

    I.e., "algebraic geometers" aren't exactly geometers,
    and "differential geometers" aren't exactly analysts.

    "Strictly", ....




    https://www.jmilne.org/math/apocrypha.html :

    "Finally, a story to keep in mind the next time you ask a totally stupid
    question at a major lecture. During a Bourbaki seminar on the status of
    the classification problem for simple finite groups, the speaker
    mentioned that it was not known whether a simple group (the monster)
    existed of a certain order. "Could there be more than one simple group
    of that order?" asked Weil from the audience. "Yes, there could" replied
    the speaker. "Well, could there be infinitely many?" asked Weil."

    The "K-theory" or "representation" theory is often hiding essentially
    "mis-representation" or truncations/approximations then to get the
    neat algebraic properties then for what arithmetic provides about
    geometry. "Almost-purity?", ..., actually dirty.






    https://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344371879_Reflections_on_Bourbaki%27s_Notion_of_Structure_and_Categories


    "Here Bourbaki/Dieudonn|- uses the phrase "tower of Babel" with its usual connotation of "place of confusion"."


    "Thus the tower of Babel might be seen, not as representing the
    jumble of separate practices that Bourbaki deplores, but rather as the
    unity that they wished to impose on mathematics. In that case,
    Bourbaki's |elements would, ironically perhaps, amount precisely to the attempt to build a mathematical "tower of Babel". The
    fact that Bourbaki failed - as is well-known - to complete his grandiose project as originally conceived was not, as in Genesis, the result of
    God sowing linguistic confusion - the Bourbaki members, after all, still spoke a common mathematical language. Rather, BourbakirCOs project was
    simply too ambitious to be brought to completion. Nevertheless, the |el|-ments, unlike the tower of Babel, remains a
    magnificent plinth."




    "Bourbaki identifies three basic types of mathematical structure -
    structures m|?res" - or "mother structures". These are algebraic, order,
    and topological structures, which can be summed up as the "three C's" : Combination, Comparison and Continuity."


    These quotes of Bell, who also from his web-page has a variety of
    essays on continuity, are insightful, and here it can be very plainly
    obvious that a usual account of "ZFC + Martin's Axiom a.k.a. the
    illative or univalency: the strength of ZFC and two large cardinals",
    has that
    well-foundedness and well-ordering and well-dispersion
    are as of three sorts "rulialities/regularities" that make for
    "combination, comparison, and continuity",
    then usually that those are to be reversed in order.


    Bourbaki/Dieudonne wrote (as quoted by Bell): "To set up the axiomatic
    theory of a given structure amounts to the deduction of the logical consequences of the axioms of the structure, excluding every other
    hypothesis on the elements under consideration (in particular, every hypothesis as to their own nature)."


    Bell: "Accordingly, the departure from the scene of the concept of set
    opened the way for Bourbaki to maintain that the unity of mathematics
    stems, not from the set concept, but from the concept of structure."


    Then, here those are as of structural realists' heno-theories,
    not nominalist fictionalists' accounts of the not-thereof.


    Bell: "In any case, as already remarked, Bourbaki's general concept of structure, organized into species, plays only a very minor role in his
    actual development of mathematics. By and large, only specific kinds of structure are discussed: e.g., topological spaces, algebraic structures,
    and combinations of the two such as topological groups. In
    practice, the role of structure in general is played by the defining
    axioms of the various species of structures."




    It doesn't take a very generous or biased reading of Bell to have him throwing quite a bit of shade on Bourbaki as alike a troll who espouses
    a universal for completion then immediately recidivates.

    As to why "category theory" and "model theory" need definitions of
    "faithful" the functors and witnesses the models, the structures in the theory, is because they haven't been.




    Bell's great paper "Reflections on Bourbaki's Notion of Structure and Categories" is rather a quite fantastic survey and introduction, and
    while it has any number of mathematical formulas each of which will
    halve the popular audience, it as well has quite a number of diagrams
    which speak directly to graphical learners.

    Bell: "In 1940 Stone established what amounts to the duality between the category of compact Hausdorff spaces and the category of real
    C*-algebras - commutative rings equipped rings with an order structure
    and a norm naturally possessed by rings of bounded real-valued intensive quantities."

    Accounts like Naimark's "Normed Rings" is quite a different and more conscientious approach, than just "equipping" the things, and forgetting
    the differences.



    Bell: "In the transition from Bourbaki's account of mathematics to its category-theoretic formulation, what is the fate of the "mother
    structures"? It is remarkable that, given Bourbaki`s distaste for logic, their mother structures came to play a key role in establishing the connection between category theory and logic."

    Bell closes the paper: "By contrast, category theorists - those, at
    least, who are sensitive to such issues (and those constitute the
    majority) - regard set theory as a kind of ladder leading from pure discreteness to the depiction of the mathematical landscape in terms of
    pure Form. Categorists are no different from artists in finding the
    landscape (or its depiction, at least) more interesting than the ladder, which should, following Wittgenstein's advice, be jettisoned after ascent."


    There's that damn Wittgenstein again: claiming that it's
    inter-subjective that nobody else is, and stealing the last parachute.











    "Damn Wittgenstein": https://old.reddit.com/r/PhilosophyMemes/comments/10a8hen/damn_wittgenstein/

    https://old.reddit.com/r/PhilosophyMemes/




    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ross Finlayson@ross.a.finlayson@gmail.com to sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Fri May 15 10:31:16 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.math

    On 05/15/2026 09:08 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 08:34 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:54 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:46 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/15/2026 07:27 AM, Ross Finlayson wrote:
    On 05/14/2026 10:44 PM, Mikko wrote:
    On 14/05/2026 18:30, olcott wrote:
    On 5/14/2026 2:54 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 13/05/2026 18:28, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 9:38 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 08:20, olcott wrote:
    On 5/13/2026 6:56 AM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-13 05:18, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 10:02 PM, Andr|- G. Isaak wrote:
    On 2026-05-12 07:32, olcott wrote:
    On 5/12/2026 2:05 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 11/05/2026 14:44, olcott wrote:
    On 5/11/2026 2:24 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/05/2026 22:06, olcott wrote:

    We don't have the knowledge that all undecidability is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> merely semantic
    incoherence, and can't know because we already know that >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> there is
    undecidability that is not semantic incoherence. FOr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> example the
    axiom system

    reCx (1riax = x)

    1.5 != 5 re| you are wrong and I am couinting the rest as >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> gibberish

    Middle dot is a commonly used mathematical operator. In >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> this
    context
    where the purpose of the operation is not specified some >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> other symbols
    are often used instead, like rey or reO, or operands are just >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> put
    side by
    side with no operator between.

    If commonly used mathematics is gibberish to you then we >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> many
    safely
    conclude that you have nothing useful to offer to the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> groups
    you
    posted to.

    reCx (xria1 = x)
    reCxreCyreCz (xria(yriaz) = (xriay)riaz) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> reCxreay (xriay = 1)
    reCxreay (yriax = 1)

    is useful for many purposes. But there are sentences like >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
    reCxreay (xriay = yriax)

    that are undecidable in that system. But there is notiong >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> semantically
    incoherent in that example or similar ones.

    I'm curious to know how you would actually address Mikko's >>>>>>>>>>>>>> point here. He's pointed out the rather obvious error in your >>>>>>>>>>>>>> reading comprehension, but you've simply glossed over the >>>>>>>>>>>>>> example.

    In what sense is reCxreay (xriay = yriax) "semantically incoherent"?

    Andr|-


    Decimal point versus multiplication operator?
    If it is a decimal point then it is incoherent.

    Obviously its nor a decimal point. He gave you the actual >>>>>>>>>>>> axioms
    which define the dot operator, so there should be no dispute as >>>>>>>>>>>> to its meaning.

    The point is that reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is not decidable from those
    axioms,yet it is clearly semantically coherent.

    Andr|-


    reCxreay (xriay = yriax) is proven true by reCxreCy (xriay = yriax) >>>>>>>>>>> which is proven true by the commutative property of
    multiplication.

    https://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/blins/classes/fall18/math105/ >>>>>>>>>>>

    Examples/AlgebraAxioms.pdf

    But then you're introducing a new axiom which isn't part of the >>>>>>>>>> set
    of axioms which he introduced.

    My thesis:
    The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed
    in language can be encoded as relations between finite strings. >>>>>>>>>
    Therefore, you're not dealing with the same theory.

    *The entire body of knowledge that can be expressed in language* >>>>>>>>> Is the scope. That some knucklehead can fail to bother to define >>>>>>>>> that "cats are animals" so that his knucklehead formal system >>>>>>>>> does not know this IS OFF-TOPIC.

    The entire body of knowledge includes that i-# = -1, j-# = -1, k-# = >>>>>>>> -1,
    and ijk = -1. From these we can infer that ij = k and ji = -k and >>>>>>>> that ij rea ji, at least when we are talking about Hamilton's
    quaternions.

    i-| = i
    i-# = -1
    i-| = -i

    The entire body of general knowledge expressed in
    language includes the "atomic facts" about imaginary
    numbers in a finite list and the semantic relations
    between finite strings in a finite list such that
    any combination of the above can be derived, no
    longer a finite list.

    Imaginary numbers themselves may be an incoherent notion.
    In this case they would not be included in the body of
    knowledge.

    So a part of the body of knowledge is that multiplication is not
    commutative except in restricted domains, so your above claim to
    the contrary is not true.


    Never seen "restricted" to mean "abelian".

    The "restricted" usually refers to "restriction of comprehension",
    or reductionist accounts making for things like "restricted
    relativity",
    vis-a-vis the "general" or "restricted" (or "special"),
    though I have heard a joke about "abelian grapes", vis-a-vis,
    abelian groups (those being groups that are commutative i.e.
    that their operation is having the property of commutativity).

    How about "adeles and etales" then, those are pretty simply
    accounts of modularity about the integer moduli. Lots of
    acounts of "algebra" are quite more direct when they're
    "arithmetizations" besides "algebraizations".

    Many people who've studied "algebra" never heard of "magmas".



    ("What's red and green and goes 90 mph?", is a question
    that all school-children for decades before the Internet
    would've heard.)


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele_ring
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tale
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_product

    "... with these moduli problems which are "really" defined over
    cyclotomic integer rings rather than over Z.


    I'd suggest that by the time that adeles or etales are invoked,
    that usually enough "almost-everywhere" has been invoked,
    and that "almost-purity" is "somewhere-dirty".

    Then accounts of integers themselves and the super-Archimedean,
    e.g., having a point at infinity, and whether that's non-Archimedean, >>>>> speaks more to the character of "arithmetizations" than
    "agebraizations", since most of the "algebraic geometry"
    since "Bourbaki and Langlands" are not quite so much "geometers".




    Buried in "Bourbaki and Langlands" are many results
    "old-wrapped-as-new"
    and the account since Bourbaki of muddying "inequality"
    with "strict inequality" when "algebraic geometry" had a great
    fracturing between the algebraists and geometers, then has that
    the "function theory" and "topology" of "algebraic geometry"
    is often neither, for accounts like Lefschetz as more from
    the "geometer's" side of "algebraic geometry".

    So, after "arithmetic and analysis and algebra", then the
    "function theory and topology" are often all over themselves
    in "algebra" and not so much "arithmetic and analysis".

    Here a "continuous topology" is its own initial and final topology,
    and "functions" include the Cartesian and some examples after
    geometry and number theory the "non-Cartesian", making, for example,
    for
    where "countable continuous domains" have their proper models
    then that it's a result in the Cantorian that some functions are
    non-Cartesian, or "un-Cartesian", so that besides being constructively >>>> the countable continuous domains, they don't contradict the
    un-countability.

    The "algebraic geometry" then "differential geometry" are often
    quite all over themselves in their own particular sub-fields
    and with their own particular accounts of language, and
    not-quite-everywhere "everywhere", any almost-everywhere.

    I.e., "algebraic geometers" aren't exactly geometers,
    and "differential geometers" aren't exactly analysts.

    "Strictly", ....




    https://www.jmilne.org/math/apocrypha.html :

    "Finally, a story to keep in mind the next time you ask a totally stupid >>> question at a major lecture. During a Bourbaki seminar on the status of
    the classification problem for simple finite groups, the speaker
    mentioned that it was not known whether a simple group (the monster)
    existed of a certain order. "Could there be more than one simple group
    of that order?" asked Weil from the audience. "Yes, there could" replied >>> the speaker. "Well, could there be infinitely many?" asked Weil."

    The "K-theory" or "representation" theory is often hiding essentially
    "mis-representation" or truncations/approximations then to get the
    neat algebraic properties then for what arithmetic provides about
    geometry. "Almost-purity?", ..., actually dirty.






    https://publish.uwo.ca/~jbell/

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344371879_Reflections_on_Bourbaki%27s_Notion_of_Structure_and_Categories



    "Here Bourbaki/Dieudonn|- uses the phrase "tower of Babel" with its usual
    connotation of "place of confusion"."


    "Thus the tower of Babel might be seen, not as representing the
    jumble of separate practices that Bourbaki deplores, but rather as the
    unity that they wished to impose on mathematics. In that case,
    Bourbaki's |elements would, ironically perhaps, amount precisely to the
    attempt to build a mathematical "tower of Babel". The
    fact that Bourbaki failed - as is well-known - to complete his grandiose
    project as originally conceived was not, as in Genesis, the result of
    God sowing linguistic confusion - the Bourbaki members, after all, still
    spoke a common mathematical language. Rather, BourbakirCOs project was
    simply too ambitious to be brought to completion. Nevertheless, the
    |el|-ments, unlike the tower of Babel, remains a
    magnificent plinth."




    "Bourbaki identifies three basic types of mathematical structure -
    structures m|?res" - or "mother structures". These are algebraic, order,
    and topological structures, which can be summed up as the "three C's" :
    Combination, Comparison and Continuity."


    These quotes of Bell, who also from his web-page has a variety of
    essays on continuity, are insightful, and here it can be very plainly
    obvious that a usual account of "ZFC + Martin's Axiom a.k.a. the
    illative or univalency: the strength of ZFC and two large cardinals",
    has that
    well-foundedness and well-ordering and well-dispersion
    are as of three sorts "rulialities/regularities" that make for
    "combination, comparison, and continuity",
    then usually that those are to be reversed in order.


    Bourbaki/Dieudonne wrote (as quoted by Bell): "To set up the axiomatic
    theory of a given structure amounts to the deduction of the logical
    consequences of the axioms of the structure, excluding every other
    hypothesis on the elements under consideration (in particular, every
    hypothesis as to their own nature)."


    Bell: "Accordingly, the departure from the scene of the concept of set
    opened the way for Bourbaki to maintain that the unity of mathematics
    stems, not from the set concept, but from the concept of structure."


    Then, here those are as of structural realists' heno-theories,
    not nominalist fictionalists' accounts of the not-thereof.


    Bell: "In any case, as already remarked, Bourbaki's general concept of
    structure, organized into species, plays only a very minor role in his
    actual development of mathematics. By and large, only specific kinds of
    structure are discussed: e.g., topological spaces, algebraic structures,
    and combinations of the two such as topological groups. In
    practice, the role of structure in general is played by the defining
    axioms of the various species of structures."




    It doesn't take a very generous or biased reading of Bell to have him
    throwing quite a bit of shade on Bourbaki as alike a troll who espouses
    a universal for completion then immediately recidivates.

    As to why "category theory" and "model theory" need definitions of
    "faithful" the functors and witnesses the models, the structures in the
    theory, is because they haven't been.




    Bell's great paper "Reflections on Bourbaki's Notion of Structure and
    Categories" is rather a quite fantastic survey and introduction, and
    while it has any number of mathematical formulas each of which will
    halve the popular audience, it as well has quite a number of diagrams
    which speak directly to graphical learners.

    Bell: "In 1940 Stone established what amounts to the duality between the
    category of compact Hausdorff spaces and the category of real
    C*-algebras - commutative rings equipped rings with an order structure
    and a norm naturally possessed by rings of bounded real-valued intensive
    quantities."

    Accounts like Naimark's "Normed Rings" is quite a different and more
    conscientious approach, than just "equipping" the things, and forgetting
    the differences.



    Bell: "In the transition from Bourbaki's account of mathematics to its
    category-theoretic formulation, what is the fate of the "mother
    structures"? It is remarkable that, given Bourbaki`s distaste for logic,
    their mother structures came to play a key role in establishing the
    connection between category theory and logic."

    Bell closes the paper: "By contrast, category theorists - those, at
    least, who are sensitive to such issues (and those constitute the
    majority) - regard set theory as a kind of ladder leading from pure
    discreteness to the depiction of the mathematical landscape in terms of
    pure Form. Categorists are no different from artists in finding the
    landscape (or its depiction, at least) more interesting than the ladder,
    which should, following Wittgenstein's advice, be jettisoned after
    ascent."


    There's that damn Wittgenstein again: claiming that it's
    inter-subjective that nobody else is, and stealing the last parachute.











    "Damn Wittgenstein": https://old.reddit.com/r/PhilosophyMemes/comments/10a8hen/damn_wittgenstein/


    https://old.reddit.com/r/PhilosophyMemes/








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