• What does 30 kA mean?

    From micky@NONONOmisc07@fmguy.com to sci.electronics.repair on Sat Feb 21 09:07:41 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    I have an Agilent U1241A VOM that I bought at a hamfest for only $20,
    new, but the previous model and it seems to be missing its tilt stand.
    It is so fancy I don't even understand all the ratings:

    The amperage measurement is: 11A/1000 V 30 kA/fast-acting fuse

    The milli and micro amp measurement is similar.

    What does 30 kA mean? 30,000 amps? I dont' think so. ;-)
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  • From Theo@theom+news@chiark.greenend.org.uk to sci.electronics.repair on Sat Feb 21 16:14:52 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    micky <NONONOmisc07@fmguy.com> wrote:
    I have an Agilent U1241A VOM that I bought at a hamfest for only $20,
    new, but the previous model and it seems to be missing its tilt stand.
    It is so fancy I don't even understand all the ratings:

    The amperage measurement is: 11A/1000 V 30 kA/fast-acting fuse

    The milli and micro amp measurement is similar.

    What does 30 kA mean? 30,000 amps? I dont' think so. ;-)

    It does mean that. It's a "30 kA fast-acting fuse".

    In other words, if you apply more than 11A (or whatever the fuse rating is)
    but less than 30,000 amps the fuse promises to become open circuit. If you apply more than 30kA then there is a risk the fuse blows closed-circuit.
    Due to the destructive power of putting so many kW into a small space, you could have problems like vapourising metal parts in such a way that it fails 'closed', or creates a sustained arc that means current flows even though
    the fuse has supposedly 'blown'.

    TL;DR: if you are measuring something that might allow more than 30kA to
    flow if you accidentally shorted it, don't use this meter to measure it. However you would probably know if you were in such a situation.

    Theo
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  • From micky@NONONOmisc07@fmguy.com to sci.electronics.repair on Sun Feb 22 09:16:20 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    In sci.electronics.repair, on 21 Feb 2026 16:14:52 +0000 (GMT), Theo <theom+news@chiark.greenend.org.uk> wrote:

    micky <NONONOmisc07@fmguy.com> wrote:
    I have an Agilent U1241A VOM that I bought at a hamfest for only $20,
    new, but the previous model and it seems to be missing its tilt stand.
    It is so fancy I don't even understand all the ratings:

    The amperage measurement is: 11A/1000 V 30 kA/fast-acting fuse

    The milli and micro amp measurement is similar.

    What does 30 kA mean? 30,000 amps? I dont' think so. ;-)

    It does mean that. It's a "30 kA fast-acting fuse".

    In other words, if you apply more than 11A (or whatever the fuse rating is) >but less than 30,000 amps the fuse promises to become open circuit. If you >apply more than 30kA then there is a risk the fuse blows closed-circuit.
    Due to the destructive power of putting so many kW into a small space, you >could have problems like vapourising metal parts in such a way that it fails >'closed', or creates a sustained arc that means current flows even though
    the fuse has supposedly 'blown'.

    TL;DR: if you are measuring something that might allow more than 30kA to
    flow if you accidentally shorted it, don't use this meter to measure it. >However you would probably know if you were in such a situation.

    Theo

    I'm glad I asked and I'm glad you explained this to me. I have the
    bodies of a young fawn and a wolf, both of whom died accidentally. I
    sewed the head of the wolf onto the body of the deer and I was waiting
    for the next lightning storm to revive the wolf-deer. Now I realize I
    don't have the right equipment. But lighting will persist through April
    I think and that is time to buy the proper fuses. I'll let you know how
    it turns out.
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  • From Brian Gregory@void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid to sci.electronics.repair on Sun Feb 22 16:37:17 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On 21/02/2026 16:14, Theo wrote:
    In other words, if you apply more than 11A (or whatever the fuse rating is) but less than 30,000 amps the fuse promises to become open circuit. If you apply more than 30kA then there is a risk the fuse blows closed-circuit.

    Well. The problem that might occur if the current exceeds 30kA is kind
    of unspecified.

    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should
    stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is
    likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts
    of the equipment it is a part of.
    --
    Brian Gregory (in England).
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  • From Jeff Liebermann@jeffl@cruzio.com to sci.electronics.repair on Sun Feb 22 11:25:29 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On Sat, 21 Feb 2026 09:07:41 -0500, micky <NONONOmisc07@fmguy.com>
    wrote:

    I have an Agilent U1241A VOM that I bought at a hamfest for only $20,
    new, but the previous model and it seems to be missing its tilt stand.
    It is so fancy I don't even understand all the ratings:

    The amperage measurement is: 11A/1000 V 30 kA/fast-acting fuse

    The milli and micro amp measurement is similar.

    What does 30 kA mean? 30,000 amps? I dont' think so. ;-)

    Nothing in the data sheet: <https://www.keysight.com/fr/en/assets/7018-01627/data-sheets/5989-7040.pdf> <https://www.keysight.com/fr/en/product/U1241B/handheld-digital-multimeter-4-digit.html>

    Ah-ha. Found it in the quick start guide: <https://www.testunlimited.com/pdf/an/U1241-90055.pdf>
    "440 mA/1000 V 30 kA/fast-acting fuse"
    Also in the user guide:
    <https://device.report/manual/2361691>
    and others: <https://www.google.com/search?q=keysight%20%22kA%20fast%20acting%20fuse%22>

    It might be one of these fast acting fuses? <https://www.littelfuse.com/products/fuses-overcurrent-protection/fuses/ul-class-fuses/class-t-fuses>
    Open the case and look inside. The fuse should be replaceable. See
    if you can find the makers and model numbers of the fuses. That might
    offer a clue.

    I think it might be this fuse: <https://www.amazon.com/HQRP-Combo-Pack-Multimeter-Replacement/dp/B0CRVPSFMY> which is quite commonly used in DVM's.
    "DMM-B-44/100 Fast Acting Digital Multimeter fuses 1000V Replacement
    Fuses"

    <https://www.eevblog.com/forum/testgear/dmm-b-44100-fuse-hack/>
    "The DMM-B 44/100 fuse is rated for 1000 Vac and 1000 Vdc, and can
    interrupt a current up to 10,000 A.
    (...)
    (HRC fuses are filled with sand to extinguish arcs)."

    HRC is "high rupture efficiency". <https://www.google.com/search?udm=2&q=hrc%20fuses>

    I think I'm on the right track but I'm late and need to leave now.
    Good luck.
    --
    Jeff Liebermann jeffl@cruzio.com
    PO Box 272 http://www.LearnByDestroying.com
    Ben Lomond CA 95005-0272 AE6KS 831-336-2558

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  • From Jeff Liebermann@jeffl@cruzio.com to sci.electronics.repair on Sun Feb 22 11:31:03 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On Sun, 22 Feb 2026 11:25:29 -0800, Jeff Liebermann <jeffl@cruzio.com>
    wrote:

    HRC is "high rupture efficiency". ><https://www.google.com/search?udm=2&q=hrc%20fuses>

    That should be "High Rupture Capacity".
    Maybe I should go back to coffee with caffeine.
    --
    Jeff Liebermann jeffl@cruzio.com
    PO Box 272 http://www.LearnByDestroying.com
    Ben Lomond CA 95005-0272 AE6KS 831-336-2558

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  • From liz@liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) to sci.electronics.repair on Sun Feb 22 19:59:07 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:

    On 21/02/2026 16:14, Theo wrote:
    In other words, if you apply more than 11A (or whatever the fuse rating is) but less than 30,000 amps the fuse promises to become open circuit. If you apply more than 30kA then there is a risk the fuse blows closed-circuit.

    Well. The problem that might occur if the current exceeds 30kA is kind
    of unspecified.

    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should
    stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is
    likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts
    of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).
    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk
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  • From Brian Gregory@void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid to sci.electronics.repair on Fri Feb 27 03:25:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On 22/02/2026 19:59, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:
    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should
    stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is
    likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts
    of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).

    Ouch!
    --
    Brian Gregory (in England).
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From liz@liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) to sci.electronics.repair on Fri Feb 27 09:25:56 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:

    On 22/02/2026 19:59, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:
    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should
    stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is
    likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts
    of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).

    Ouch!

    There was an earth strap hidden on the back of the fuseholder block and
    my workshop was quite close to the electricity substation.

    I only discovered the strap when I gathered up the remains of the
    fuseholders and pieced them back together.
    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From wmartin@wwm@wwmartin.net to sci.electronics.repair on Fri Feb 27 13:47:18 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On 2/27/26 01:25, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:

    On 22/02/2026 19:59, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:
    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should
    stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is
    likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts >>>> of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it
    happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).

    Ouch!

    There was an earth strap hidden on the back of the fuseholder block and
    my workshop was quite close to the electricity substation.

    I only discovered the strap when I gathered up the remains of the
    fuseholders and pieced them back together.


    I wonder how much current it took to vaporize a 2KW wirewound resistor?
    It had something to do with a pressurized waveguide that developed a
    leak and arced internally... Impressive, nothing left but the metal end cylinders!
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  • From liz@liz@poppyrecords.invalid.invalid (Liz Tuddenham) to sci.electronics.repair on Fri Feb 27 22:25:02 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    wmartin <wwm@wwmartin.net> wrote:

    On 2/27/26 01:25, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:

    On 22/02/2026 19:59, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:
    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should >>>> stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is >>>> likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts >>>> of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it >>> happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).

    Ouch!

    There was an earth strap hidden on the back of the fuseholder block and
    my workshop was quite close to the electricity substation.

    I only discovered the strap when I gathered up the remains of the fuseholders and pieced them back together.


    I wonder how much current it took to vaporize a 2KW wirewound resistor?
    It had something to do with a pressurized waveguide that developed a
    leak and arced internally... Impressive, nothing left but the metal end cylinders!

    I once (well twice, actually) had to rebuild a starting controller for a
    5 kW repulsion-induction motor. Water had got onto the resistors and
    caused an arc to the earthed retaining bolts. The slate core had
    shattered and the windings had exploded into short lengths (some with
    welded blobs on the ends). Parts of the brass bolts had vapourised too
    - it must have been quite spectacular.

    The fragments of wire were so short that I had to use 4-terminal
    measurements to calculate the resistance values. A resistance wire
    supplier in N.E. England recognised the type of wire immediatley and
    sold me the length I needed.

    A slate quarry in Cornwall cut me some replacement slate bars and I
    re-wound the resistors by hand, complete with tapping points for the
    various stages of motor control.

    The motor and controller were made in 1919 but I had no difficulty
    obtaining the materials to repair them and restore them to full working
    order. The whole job onlu took about 3 weeks from start to finish. How
    many modern electrical items will be so easy to repair in another 95
    years time?
    --
    ~ Liz Tuddenham ~
    (Remove the ".invalid"s and add ".co.uk" to reply)
    www.poppyrecords.co.uk
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From wmartin@wwm@wwmartin.net to sci.electronics.repair on Fri Feb 27 22:15:06 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.electronics.repair

    On 2/27/26 14:25, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    wmartin <wwm@wwmartin.net> wrote:

    On 2/27/26 01:25, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:

    On 22/02/2026 19:59, Liz Tuddenham wrote:
    Brian Gregory <void-invalid-dead-dontuse@email.invalid> wrote:
    With all good safely made brands of HRC fuse it means the fuse should >>>>>> stay intact if the peak current is under 30kA, and exceeding 30kA is >>>>>> likely to cause the fuse to explode and potentially damage other parts >>>>>> of the equipment it is a part of.

    ...like the venetian blind slats on the other side of the room (yes, it >>>>> happened to me whlst testing equipment with the covers removed).

    Ouch!

    There was an earth strap hidden on the back of the fuseholder block and
    my workshop was quite close to the electricity substation.

    I only discovered the strap when I gathered up the remains of the
    fuseholders and pieced them back together.


    I wonder how much current it took to vaporize a 2KW wirewound resistor?
    It had something to do with a pressurized waveguide that developed a
    leak and arced internally... Impressive, nothing left but the metal end
    cylinders!

    I once (well twice, actually) had to rebuild a starting controller for a
    5 kW repulsion-induction motor. Water had got onto the resistors and
    caused an arc to the earthed retaining bolts. The slate core had
    shattered and the windings had exploded into short lengths (some with
    welded blobs on the ends). Parts of the brass bolts had vapourised too
    - it must have been quite spectacular.

    The fragments of wire were so short that I had to use 4-terminal
    measurements to calculate the resistance values. A resistance wire
    supplier in N.E. England recognised the type of wire immediatley and
    sold me the length I needed.

    A slate quarry in Cornwall cut me some replacement slate bars and I
    re-wound the resistors by hand, complete with tapping points for the
    various stages of motor control.

    The motor and controller were made in 1919 but I had no difficulty
    obtaining the materials to repair them and restore them to full working order. The whole job onlu took about 3 weeks from start to finish. How
    many modern electrical items will be so easy to repair in another 95
    years time?


    Approximately none, they will all have been recycled for the precious
    metal content!




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