• A new interpretation of Pikaia reveals the origins of the chordate body plan

    From erik simpson@eastside.erik@gmail.com to sci.bio.paleontology on Wed Jun 12 09:35:12 2024
    From Newsgroup: sci.bio.paleontology

    https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)00669-9#%20

    A reeaximanation Of Pikaia gracilens leads to a reorganization of stem chordates, including ventucolians as stem chordates, and adjusted
    positions of yunnaozoans and Amphioxus.

    I'd include the abstract, but it's graphical.

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  • From John Harshman@john.harshman@gmail.com to sci.bio.paleontology on Wed Jun 12 10:38:50 2024
    From Newsgroup: sci.bio.paleontology

    On 6/12/24 9:35 AM, erik simpson wrote:
    https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)00669-9#%20

    A reeaximanation Of Pikaia gracilens leads to a reorganization of stem chordates, including ventucolians as stem chordates, and adjusted
    positions of yunnaozoans and Amphioxus.

    I'd include the abstract, but it's graphical.

    Might as well put in the summary, which is more or less an abstract:

    Our understanding of the evolutionary origin of Chordata, one of the
    most disparate and ecologically significant animal phyla, is hindered by
    a lack of unambiguous stem-group relatives. Problematic Cambrian fossils
    that have been considered as candidate chordates include vetulicolians,1 Yunnanozoon,2 and the iconic Pikaia.3 However, their phylogenetic
    placement has remained poorly constrained, impeding reconstructions of character evolution along the chordate stem lineage. Here we reinterpret
    the morphology of Pikaia, providing evidence for a gut canal and,
    crucially, a dorsal nerve cordrCoa robust chordate synapomorphy. The identification of these structures underpins a new anatomical model of
    Pikaia that shows that this fossil was previously interpreted upside
    down. We reveal a myomere configuration intermediate between amphioxus
    and vertebrates and establish morphological links between Yunnanozoon,
    Pikaia, and uncontroversial chordates. In this light, we perform a new phylogenetic analysis, using a revised, comprehensive deuterostome
    dataset, and establish a chordate stem lineage. We resolve vetulicolians
    as a paraphyletic group comprising the earliest diverging stem
    chordates, subtending a grade of more derived stem-group chordates
    comprising Yunnanozoon and Pikaia. Our phylogenetic results reveal the stepwise acquisition of characters diagnostic of the chordate crown
    group. In addition, they chart a phase in early chordate evolution
    defined by the gradual integration of the pharyngeal region with a
    segmented axial musculature, supporting classical
    evolutionary-developmental hypotheses of chordate origins4 and revealing
    a rCLlost chapterrCY in the history of the phylum.
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  • From John Harshman@john.harshman@gmail.com to sci.bio.paleontology on Fri Jun 14 10:36:11 2024
    From Newsgroup: sci.bio.paleontology

    On 6/12/24 9:35 AM, erik simpson wrote:
    https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)00669-9#%20

    A reeaximanation Of Pikaia gracilens leads to a reorganization of stem chordates, including ventucolians as stem chordates, and adjusted
    positions of yunnaozoans and Amphioxus.

    I'd include the abstract, but it's graphical.

    Interesting that Pikaia is now reconstructed as having no post-anal tail
    and possibly no notochord.
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  • From erik simpson@eastside.erik@gmail.com to sci.bio.paleontology on Fri Jun 14 13:17:05 2024
    From Newsgroup: sci.bio.paleontology

    On 6/14/24 10:36 AM, John Harshman wrote:
    On 6/12/24 9:35 AM, erik simpson wrote:
    https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(24)00669-9#%20

    A reeaximanation Of Pikaia gracilens leads to a reorganization of stem
    chordates, including ventucolians as stem chordates, and adjusted
    positions of yunnaozoans and Amphioxus.

    I'd include the abstract, but it's graphical.

    Interesting that Pikaia is now reconstructed as having no post-anal tail
    and possibly no notochord.
    The identification of vetulicolians as stem chordates is also new to me.
    Amazing what the inversion of Pikaia has done!
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