From Newsgroup: sci.anthropology.paleo
This came out in August, does not look like it's
been posted so far
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09399-9
Abstract
Bipedalism is a human-defining trait. It is made
possible by the familiar, bowl-shaped pelvis,
whose short, wide iliac blades curve along the
sides of the body to stabilize walking and
support internal organs and a large-brained,
broad-shouldered baby. The ilium changes
compared with living primates are an evolutionary
novelty. However, how this evolution came about
remains unknown. Here, using a multifaceted
histological, comparative genomic and functional
genomic approach, we identified the developmental
bases of the morphogenetic shifts in the human
pelvis that made bipedalism possible. First, we
observe that the human ilium cartilage growth
plate underwent a heterotopic shift, residing
perpendicular to the orientation present in
other primate (and mouse) ilia. Second, we
observe heterochronic and heterotopic shifts in
ossification that are unlike those in non-human
primate ilia or human long bones. Ossification
initiates posteriorly, resides externally with
fibroblast (and perichondral) cells contributing
to osteoblasts, and is delayed compared with
other bones in humans and with primate ilia.
Underlying these two shifts are regulatory
changes in an integrated
chondrocyterCoperichondralrCoosteoblast pathway,
involving complex hierarchical interactions
between SOX9rCoZNF521rCoPTH1R and RUNX2rCoFOXP1/2.
These innovations facilitated further growth
of the human pelvis and the unique formation
of the ilium among primates.
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