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The humble economist collects together the most important writings of Professor Tony Culyer, a founding father of health economics who helped set up the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.
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The way that an economist and an animal health professional use economics differs and creates frustrations. The economist is in search of optimizing resource allocation in the management of animal health and disease problems with metrics associated with the productivity of key societal resources of labour and capital. The animal health professional have a strong belief that productivity can be improved with the removal of pathogens. These differences restrict how well economics is used in animal health, and the question posed is whether this matters. The paper explores the question by looking at the changing role of animals in society and the associated change of the animal health professional's activities. It then questions if the current allocation of scarce resources for animal health are adequately allocated for societies and whether currently available data are sufficient for good allocation. A rapid review of the data on disease impacts - production losses and costs of human reaction - indicate that the data are sparse collected in different times and geographical regions. This limits what can be understood on the productivity of the economic resources used for animal health and this needs to be addressed with more systematic collection of data on disease losses and costs of animal health systems. Ideally such a process should learn lessons from the way that human health has made estimates of the burden of diseases and their capture of data on the costs of human health systems. Once available data on the global burden of animal diseases and the costs of animal health systems would allow assessments of individual disease management processes and the productivity of wider productivity change. This utopia should be aimed at if animal health is to continue to attract and maintain adequate resources.
This Manual, addressed mainly to new staff members in the area and functional departments of the IMF, presents different ways to tackle specific problems that desk economists encounter in analyzing country data. This guide presents an approach to analyzing financial developments in a country and to evaluating the quality of data at the disposal of the staff.
Much of what Ballve wrote will seem obvious today, and some readers might find his criticism of econometrics somewhat dated. It is important to remember the context in which Ballve was writing. The book first appeared in Mexico in the 1950s and in English in the early 1960s. The consensus at the time, even among professional economists, was that Mises and Hayek had lost the socialist calculation debate, and Keynesian macroeconomics ruled the roost. Ballve stepped into this environment and produced a very short, power-packed volume that offers an unapologetic defense of markets and liberty that relies not on a stubborn refusal to remove ideological blinders but on a nuanced understanding of the sciences of human action.
Experts from the field of economics take a different view of tax treaty issues than experts from the field of law. In order to encourage the much needed communication between these two groups, a cross-disciplinary conference was held to discuss selected tax treaty issues from both a legal and economic perspective. Twenty-five conference papers on eight topics were prepared by lawyers and economists. The papers on legal issues were presented and discussed by economists, and vice versa. The interdisciplinary focus of the conference not only allowed an exchange of knowledge between two groups who think differently about similar issues, but also made it possible to better grasp the impact of the thinking of one group on the areas of interest to the other group. The outcome of the conference is reflected in this book.
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