• (ReacTor) Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    From jdnicoll@jdnicoll@panix.com (James Nicoll) to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 11 17:00:19 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/
    --
    My reviews can be found at http://jamesdavisnicoll.com/
    My tor pieces at https://www.tor.com/author/james-davis-nicoll/
    My Dreamwidth at https://james-davis-nicoll.dreamwidth.org/
    My patreon is at https://www.patreon.com/jamesdnicoll
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  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 11 18:03:07 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    jdnicoll@panix.com (James Nicoll) writes:
    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/

    While it's not written Science Fiction, the Dr. Who episode
    _Gridlock_ came immediately to mind.
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  • From Don_from_AZ@djatechNOSPAM@comcast.net.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 11 20:54:22 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    jdnicoll@panix.com (James Nicoll) writes:

    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/

    Then there is the ultimate in driving safety, from Niven's story _Safe
    at any Speed_:

    "In the year 3100, thanks to fail-safe technology and the influence of
    the Teela Brown Luck gene, in Known Space you have nothing to fear
    except inconveniencerCoeven when your car is swallowed by a giant Roc."

    http://www.larryniven.net/?q=bibliographic-reference/safe-at-any-speed
    --
    -Don_from_AZ-
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Don@g@crcomp.net to rec.arts.sf.written on Fri Jun 12 05:14:47 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    James Nicoll <jdnicoll@panix.com> wrote:
    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/

    Search engines are more useless than AI. In the end, this excerpt was
    willfully recalled from memory.

    A bottle of champagne was tallied and he signed
    the check despite her protests. It arrived in a
    colorful "Drink While You Drive" basket, and they
    stood then, and she was tall, but he was taller.
    Blindspin.
    A single name of a multitude of practices
    centered about the auto-driven auto. Flashing
    across the country in the sure hands of an invisible
    chauffeur, windows all opaque, night dark, sky high,
    tires assailing the road below like four phantom
    buzzsaws - and starting from scratch and ending in
    the same place, and never knowing where you are
    going or where you have been-it is possible, for a
    moment, to kindle some feeling of individuality in
    the coldest brainpan, to produce a momentary
    awareness of self by virtue of an apartness from all
    but a sense of motion. This is because movement
    through darkness is the ultimate abstraction of life
    itself - at least that's what one of the Vital
    Comedians said, and everybody in the place laughed.
    Actually now, the phenomenon known as blindspin
    first became prevalent (as might be suspected) among
    certain younger members of the community, when
    monitored highways deprived them of the means to
    exercise their automobiles in some of the more
    individualistic ways which had come to be
    frowned upon by the National Traffic Control
    Authority. Something had to be done.
    It was.
    The first, disastrous reaction involved the
    simple engineering feat of disconnecting the broadcast
    control unit after one had entered onto a monitored
    highway. This resulted in the car's vanishing from
    the ken of the monitor and passing back into the
    control of its occupants. Jealous as a deity, a
    monitor will not tolerate that which denies its
    programmed omniscience; it will thunder and
    lightning in the Highway Control Station nearest the
    point of last contact, sending winged seraphs in
    search of that which has slipped from sight.
    Often, however, this was too late in happening,
    for the roads are many and well-paved. Escape
    from detection was, at first, relatively easy to
    achieve.
    Other vehicles, though, necessarily behave as if a
    rebel has no actual existence. Its presence cannot be
    allowed for.
    Boxed-in, on a heavily-traveled section of roadway,
    the offender is subject to immediate annihilation in
    the event of any overall speedup or shift in traffic
    pattern which involves movement through his
    theoretically vacant position. This, in the early days
    of monitor-controls, caused a rapid series of
    collisions. Monitoring devices later became far more
    sophisticated, and mechanized cutoffs reduced the
    collision incidence subsequent to such an action. The
    quality of the pulpefactions and contusions which did
    occur, however remained unaltered.
    The next reaction was based on a thing which had
    been overlooked because it was obvious. The
    monitors took people where they wanted to go only
    because people told them they wanted ot go there.
    A person pressing a random series of coordinates,
    without reference to any map, would either be left
    with a stalled automobile and a "RECHECK YOUR
    COORDINATES" light, or would suddenly be whisked away
    in any direction. The latter possesses a certain
    romantic appeal in that it offers speed, unexpected
    sights, and free hands. Also, it is perfectly legal;
    and it is possible to navigate all over two
    continents in this manner, if one is possessed of
    sufficient wherewithal and gluteal stamina.
    As is the case in all such matters, the practice
    diffused upwards through the age brackets. School
    teachers who only drove on Sundays fell into
    disrepute as selling points for used autos. Such is
    the way a world ends, said the entertainer.
    End or no, the car designed to move on monitored
    highways is a mobile efficiency unit, complete with
    latrine, cupboard, refrigerator compartment and gaming
    table. It also sleeps two with ease and four with some
    crowding. On occasion, three can be a real crowd.

    (excerpt)

    DREAM MASTER by Zelazny

    --
    Don.......My cat's )\._.,--....,'``. veritas _|_ telltale tall tail /, _.. \ _\ (`._ ,. liberabit |
    tells tall tales.. `._.-(,_..'--(,_..'`-.;.' vos |

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  • From ted@loft.tnolan.com (Ted Nolan@tednolan to rec.arts.sf.written on Fri Jun 12 12:29:29 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In article <87fr2so1ld.fsf@comcast.net.invalid>,
    Don_from_AZ <djatechNOSPAM@comcast.net.invalid> wrote:
    jdnicoll@panix.com (James Nicoll) writes:

    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/

    Then there is the ultimate in driving safety, from Niven's story _Safe
    at any Speed_:

    "In the year 3100, thanks to fail-safe technology and the influence of
    the Teela Brown Luck gene, in Known Space you have nothing to fear
    except inconveniencerCoeven when your car is swallowed by a giant Roc."

    http://www.larryniven.net/?q=bibliographic-reference/safe-at-any-speed

    --
    -Don_from_AZ-

    Then of course there is Niven's *other* safe drving story,
    "The Deadlier Weapon".
    --
    columbiaclosings.com
    What's not in Columbia anymore..
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  • From quadibloc@quadibloc@invalid.com (John Savard) to rec.arts.sf.written on Mon Jun 15 08:33:12 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Thu, 11 Jun 2026 17:00:19 -0000 (UTC), jdnicoll@panix.com (James
    Nicoll) wrote:

    https://reactormag.com/safer-driving-through-science-fiction/

    I was surprised you didn't mention "The Jigsaw Man" by Larry Niven.

    John Savard
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 18 04:22:15 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Thu, 11 Jun 2026 17:00:19 -0000 (UTC), James Nicoll wrote:

    Safer Driving Through Science Fiction

    Surely, issues like traffic jams, speeding, and road rage can be
    solved through these creative strategies...

    I remember a short story about a future world where the flow of
    traffic became the absolute topmost priority. Everything else had to
    give way to that: there were highways in all directions, stacked level
    upon level, cutting through high-rise buildings where necessary. There
    were regulations on minimum speed and maximum following distance, to
    try to pack the traffic as efficiently as possible. Helicopters would
    drop paint-bombs to mark vehicles moving too slowly, for later
    enforcement action.

    Too bad if you lost control at speed and spun off the road ... just so
    long as you werenrCOt blocking other traffic ...
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  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 18 04:23:45 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Fri, 12 Jun 2026 05:14:47 -0000 (UTC), Don wrote:

    (excerpt)

    DREAM MASTER by Zelazny

    I didnrCOt remember the title, but I did remember the concept ...
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 18 07:37:14 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Thu, 11 Jun 2026 20:54:22 -0700, Don_from_AZ wrote:

    "In the year 3100, thanks to fail-safe technology and the influence
    of the Teela Brown Luck gene, in Known Space you have nothing to
    fear except inconveniencerCoeven when your car is swallowed by a giant
    Roc."

    Do we have a name for this idea? How about we call it the rCLX-Men
    troperCY -- the proposition that genetics can give people Miraculous
    Powers Beyond The Understanding Of Science ...
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  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 18 10:04:16 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> wrote:

    I remember a short story about a future world where the flow of
    traffic became the absolute topmost priority. Everything else had to
    give way to that: there were highways in all directions, stacked level
    upon level, cutting through high-rise buildings where necessary. There
    were regulations on minimum speed and maximum following distance, to
    try to pack the traffic as efficiently as possible. Helicopters would
    drop paint-bombs to mark vehicles moving too slowly, for later
    enforcement action.

    This does not sound like a science fiction story. This sounds like
    Los Angeles today. Perhaps you were reading the "Guide to LA Freeways." --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written on Thu Jun 18 23:27:31 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Thu, 18 Jun 2026 10:04:16 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote:

    This does not sound like a science fiction story. This sounds like
    Los Angeles today. Perhaps you were reading the "Guide to LA
    Freeways."

    The odd thing was, I remember the story being described in the
    editorrCOs intro as a rCLblack comedyrCY. That was the first time I had come across the term. Still not sure it fits.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 08:51:42 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    In article <3xyZR.6$Rg34.3@fx11.iad>, Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-20, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:50:51 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote:

    ... like a diesel-electric locomotive.

    I like diesel-electric locomotives. The diesel does what it does best >>>>>> (run at a nearly constant speed), while the electrics do what they do >>>>>
    Do you mean the speed at which energy is generated or something else? >>>>
    Constant RPM. Electric power generated but not used for traction
    or auxiliary power needs is dissipated as heat.

    But that's not much loss because the engine doesn't take much fuel to
    keep a constant speed when unloaded... as the load increases the fuel
    demand goes up.

    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small.

    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    This usually is a no-brainer when trains are fully electric and can feed
    power back to the grid.
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 09:16:05 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    In article <3xyZR.6$Rg34.3@fx11.iad>, Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-20, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:50:51 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote:

    ... like a diesel-electric locomotive.

    I like diesel-electric locomotives. The diesel does what it does best >>>>>> (run at a nearly constant speed), while the electrics do what they do >>>>>
    Do you mean the speed at which energy is generated or something else? >>>>
    Constant RPM. Electric power generated but not used for traction
    or auxiliary power needs is dissipated as heat.

    But that's not much loss because the engine doesn't take much fuel to
    keep a constant speed when unloaded... as the load increases the fuel
    demand goes up.

    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small.

    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 10:26:51 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >experimental is storing in a battery.

    You mean for electric locomotives rather than diesel-electric, and feeding
    the power back into the mains? That would make sense but you need to
    really trust your pantograph a lot because a small line dropout would mean
    a brief but total loss of braking.

    A shame there's no easy way to convert electricity to diesel.
    --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 15:08:37 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    In article <3xyZR.6$Rg34.3@fx11.iad>, Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-20, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:50:51 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote:

    ... like a diesel-electric locomotive.

    I like diesel-electric locomotives. The diesel does what it does best >>>>>>>> (run at a nearly constant speed), while the electrics do what they do >>>>>>>
    Do you mean the speed at which energy is generated or something else? >>>>>>
    Constant RPM. Electric power generated but not used for traction
    or auxiliary power needs is dissipated as heat.

    But that's not much loss because the engine doesn't take much fuel to >>>>> keep a constant speed when unloaded... as the load increases the fuel >>>>> demand goes up.

    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small.

    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Regards, ULF

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    pt

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  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 15:15:07 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    This is true of freight trains with one big powered locomotive pulling
    lots of cars, but not true of subway trains where each car has its
    own traction engine. But, subway trains also have external power which
    makes regenerative braking by pumping current back into the mains possible.

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    Is it? You must take the A train! If! You want to go to Harlem!
    --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 18:05:01 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/21/2026 3:15 PM, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    This is true of freight trains with one big powered locomotive pulling
    lots of cars, but not true of subway trains where each car has its
    own traction engine. But, subway trains also have external power which
    makes regenerative braking by pumping current back into the mains possible.

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    Is it? You must take the A train! If! You want to go to Harlem!
    --scott


    I used to take the A train pretty much every day, for a decade.
    (and once, there were buskers in the train, playing exactly
    that).

    But we were discussing diesel electrics, which aren't used on
    the subway.

    pt
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  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 21 22:09:34 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In <1119n6d$13mk7$1@dont-email.me> Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> writes:

    [snip]

    But we were discussing diesel electrics, which aren't used on
    the subway.

    well, some of the work trains...
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 00:41:57 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    [...]
    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small. >>>>
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Regards, ULF

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Note: it's applied air pressure that holds the brakes off, not the other
    way around, that's what makes it fail-safe.

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    This is already done only with part of the axles, I'm guessing what
    happens is simply that motorized bogies will apply more braking than the others. But it's far from something novel, and is present in EMUs from
    the last century, for example.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    I'd say that, if it has the capacity to employ regenerative braking or rheostatic braking, then it *is* practical to use that instead as much
    as possible, because it surely can do more work, as that energy is going somewhere?
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 00:57:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-21, Scott Dorsey wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>experimental is storing in a battery.

    You mean for electric locomotives rather than diesel-electric, and feeding the power back into the mains?

    Yes, electric locomotives, and also electric units.

    That would make sense but you need to
    really trust your pantograph a lot because a small line dropout would mean
    a brief but total loss of braking.

    I think such parameters are part of what must be tended to in railroad
    design and maintenance. Pantograph placement relative to the contact
    wire is not left to chance, and is supposed to be in a way that spreads
    wear, for example.

    A dropout could also be challenging for all the parts that don't run on
    battery (at least traction motors and HVAC, possibly some of the
    lighting), I guess. At least hopefully this won't be as potentially
    damaging as leaving the circuit breaker(s) closed across AC phase
    breaks?


    A shame there's no easy way to convert electricity to diesel.
    --scott
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 07:39:48 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    [...]
    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small. >>>>
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>> experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art >>> on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf


    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Note: it's applied air pressure that holds the brakes off, not the other
    way around, that's what makes it fail-safe.

    Depends on where you are with what kind of train. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_brake#Present-day_use_of_vacuum_brakes

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 07:41:41 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> posted:

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    In article <3xyZR.6$Rg34.3@fx11.iad>, Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-20, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:50:51 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote: >>>>>>>>
    ... like a diesel-electric locomotive.

    I like diesel-electric locomotives. The diesel does what it does best
    (run at a nearly constant speed), while the electrics do what they do

    Do you mean the speed at which energy is generated or something else? >>>>>>
    Constant RPM. Electric power generated but not used for traction >>>>>> or auxiliary power needs is dissipated as heat.

    But that's not much loss because the engine doesn't take much fuel to >>>>> keep a constant speed when unloaded... as the load increases the fuel >>>>> demand goes up.

    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small. >>>
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf


    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    On freight trains, why not? Braking effort may more or less
    be the same as traction effort.

    If you need more braking, add air brakes or let your computer add them.

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 08:57:28 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-22, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    [...]
    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Note: it's applied air pressure that holds the brakes off, not the other
    way around, that's what makes it fail-safe.

    Depends on where you are with what kind of train. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_brake#Present-day_use_of_vacuum_brakes


    Hopefully that'll change in the future. I'm not really comfortable with
    the idea of using vacuum brakes instead of compressed air brakes, but I understand there may be choices to just phase it out as rolling stock
    ages.

    But would it be that expensive to fit such rolling stock with Westinghouse-style brakes, that operators prefer to use the system
    without fail-safe design?
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 14:46:45 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    This is true of freight trains with one big powered locomotive pulling
    lots of cars, but not true of subway trains where each car has its
    own traction engine. But, subway trains also have external power which
    makes regenerative braking by pumping current back into the mains possible.

    Although most freights in the US (ranging from 5000 to 12000 feet in
    length typ.) have DP (distributed power) with one or two locomotives
    leading, one in the middle of the consist and often one trailer.

    The arrangement depends on the ratio of loads to empties in the consist.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Paul S Person@psperson@old.netcom.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 07:55:02 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 15:08:37 -0400, Cryptoengineer
    <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    <snippo>
    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.
    It'll become "practical" as soon as somebody finds a way to make money
    from doing it. (I'm thinking here of the RR companies, not the people
    selling them the equipment.)
    --
    "Here lies the Tuscan poet Aretino,
    Who evil spoke of everyone but God,
    Giving as his excuse, 'I never knew him.'"
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 15:14:03 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Paul S Person <psperson@old.netcom.invalid> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 15:08:37 -0400, Cryptoengineer
    <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:

    <snippo>

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    It'll become "practical" as soon as somebody finds a way to make money
    from doing it. (I'm thinking here of the RR companies, not the people
    selling them the equipment.)

    For electric locos without diesel, it is now common here [TM]
    and demanded by regional transport authorities in many cases
    for passenger operation.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 12:01:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/22/2026 3:39 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    [...]
    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small. >>>>>>
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>>>> experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art >>>>> on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf


    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Note: it's applied air pressure that holds the brakes off, not the other
    way around, that's what makes it fail-safe.

    Depends on where you are with what kind of train. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_brake#Present-day_use_of_vacuum_brakes

    TIL (Today I Learned)...

    I don't think I've studied this for 50 years.

    pt
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 12:06:36 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/22/2026 3:41 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> posted:

    On 6/21/2026 5:16 AM, Ulf Kutzner wrote:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> posted:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    On 6/20/2026 2:50 PM, Scott Lurndal wrote:
    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:
    In article <3xyZR.6$Rg34.3@fx11.iad>, Scott Lurndal <slp53@pacbell.net> wrote:
    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-20, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Fri, 19 Jun 2026 08:50:51 -0400 (EDT), Scott Dorsey wrote: >>>>>>>>>>
    ... like a diesel-electric locomotive.

    I like diesel-electric locomotives. The diesel does what it does best
    (run at a nearly constant speed), while the electrics do what they do

    Do you mean the speed at which energy is generated or something else? >>>>>>>>
    Constant RPM. Electric power generated but not used for traction >>>>>>>> or auxiliary power needs is dissipated as heat.

    But that's not much loss because the engine doesn't take much fuel to >>>>>>> keep a constant speed when unloaded... as the load increases the fuel >>>>>>> demand goes up.

    There's also dynamic braking to consider, where the electricity
    generated by the traction motors while braking is dissipated as
    well. The heat sinks (resistor grids) on those DE locos aren't small. >>>>>
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>>> experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art >>>> on these?

    Add bank of capacitors.
    https://www.ijsat.org/papers/2025/2/3360.pdf


    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    On freight trains, why not? Braking effort may more or less
    be the same as traction effort.

    If you need more braking, add air brakes or let your computer add them.

    When a freight train starts, it does matter if it takes a couple miles
    to get up to speed. Nor would it matter if it takes a couple miles to
    halt at a scheduled stop.

    But trains need to be able to make emergency stops in a much shorter
    distance. So they need more stopping power than starting power.

    pt


    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 12:29:14 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    On 2026-06-21, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    That would make sense but you need to
    really trust your pantograph a lot because a small line dropout would mean >> a brief but total loss of braking.

    I think such parameters are part of what must be tended to in railroad
    design and maintenance. Pantograph placement relative to the contact
    wire is not left to chance, and is supposed to be in a way that spreads
    wear, for example.

    A dropout could also be challenging for all the parts that don't run on >battery (at least traction motors and HVAC, possibly some of the
    lighting), I guess. At least hopefully this won't be as potentially
    damaging as leaving the circuit breaker(s) closed across AC phase
    breaks?

    I see dropouts now and then on the Northeast Corridor, usually for only a second or so... lights go out and pitch of the engine changes but it comes
    back pretty quickly. Most often just north of NYC. I guess I just view that as a normal part of electric operation.
    --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From John Levine@johnl@taugh.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 22:02:33 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    According to Scott Dorsey <kludge@panix.com>:
    A dropout could also be challenging for all the parts that don't run on >>battery (at least traction motors and HVAC, possibly some of the
    lighting), I guess. At least hopefully this won't be as potentially >>damaging as leaving the circuit breaker(s) closed across AC phase
    breaks?

    I see dropouts now and then on the Northeast Corridor, usually for only a >second or so... lights go out and pitch of the engine changes but it comes >back pretty quickly. Most often just north of NYC. I guess I just view that >as a normal part of electric operation.

    The Pennsylvania electrified at 25Hz, while the New Haven was converted from 25Hz to 60Hz in 1987 when Metro-North did system upgrades. The 60Hz section now runs all the way to Boston. The two systems meet at Bowery Bay, between the Sunnyside Yard and the Hell Gate bridge, so that's probably the dropout you're seeing.

    The 25Hz section should be converted to 60Hz so they can get rid of the inverters and motor-generators that do the frequency conversion but I suspect Amtrak has higher priority capital needs.
    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 22:52:50 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:06:36 -0400, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    But trains need to be able to make emergency stops in a much shorter distance. So they need more stopping power than starting power.

    But itrCOs never enough, is it? Road vehicles can abide by the rule that
    you should not drive faster than you can stop in the portion of
    available roadway visible to you. Trains cannot.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 01:05:37 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-22, John Levine wrote:

    According to Scott Dorsey <kludge@panix.com>:
    A dropout could also be challenging for all the parts that don't run on >>>battery (at least traction motors and HVAC, possibly some of the >>>lighting), I guess. At least hopefully this won't be as potentially >>>damaging as leaving the circuit breaker(s) closed across AC phase
    breaks?

    I see dropouts now and then on the Northeast Corridor, usually for only a >>second or so... lights go out and pitch of the engine changes but it comes >>back pretty quickly. Most often just north of NYC. I guess I just view that
    as a normal part of electric operation.

    The Pennsylvania electrified at 25Hz, while the New Haven was converted from 25Hz to 60Hz in 1987 when Metro-North did system upgrades. The 60Hz section now
    runs all the way to Boston. The two systems meet at Bowery Bay, between the Sunnyside Yard and the Hell Gate bridge, so that's probably the dropout you're
    seeing.

    The 25Hz section should be converted to 60Hz so they can get rid of the inverters and motor-generators that do the frequency conversion but I suspect Amtrak has higher priority capital needs.

    My question was going to be whether these "dropouts" are at random
    places or consistently in the same place, although I was merely thinking
    of AC phase breaks, not of moving between different electrification
    systems.

    (Why was part of it electrified with 25 Hz? Was that in use for the
    local power grid there?)
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 01:23:37 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-22, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:06:36 -0400, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    But trains need to be able to make emergency stops in a much shorter
    distance. So they need more stopping power than starting power.

    But itrCOs never enough, is it? Road vehicles can abide by the rule that
    you should not drive faster than you can stop in the portion of
    available roadway visible to you. Trains cannot.

    Passenger trains may be able to pull that, the limiting factor might
    become passenger safety, besides the design of the brakes (as the energy
    has to go somewhere, it can't halt and catch fire).

    Now freight trains have a much larger mass to stop, and that's even
    without considering that in some places (at least the USA?) freight
    trains are longer and may even double-deck containers.

    It has to allow stronger braking, but there is going to be a
    limit.

    (What they're required to do, perhaps equivalent to the road vehicle
    situation Lawrence mentioned, is to travel at a speed that allows them
    to comply with the expected aspect of the following signal - so if a
    freight train needs to decelerate quite early in order to be able to
    stop before a signal at danger, then it has to do that, and the caution
    aspect either forces a lower speed or indicates that the speed will have
    to be reduced at the right moment (e.g. following EBICAB
    indications). This may also define a ceiling for the top speed allowed, depending on the distance between signals.)

    For emergency braking, besides applying the full braking power, rail
    vehicles will often also have sanders/sandboxes.
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 00:24:11 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:

    The 25Hz section should be converted to 60Hz so they can get rid of the
    inverters and motor-generators that do the frequency conversion but I suspect
    Amtrak has higher priority capital needs.

    (Why was part of it electrified with 25 Hz? Was that in use for the
    local power grid there?)

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    just one cite among many:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Power_Plant_Transformer_House
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Mon Jun 22 20:28:34 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    My question was going to be whether these "dropouts" are at random
    places or consistently in the same place, although I was merely thinking
    of AC phase breaks, not of moving between different electrification
    systems.

    I don't know. I don't remember them being consistent but I have not paid
    the greatest of attention.

    (Why was part of it electrified with 25 Hz? Was that in use for the
    local power grid there?)

    25 Hz is a win for high torque low speed AC motors, as well as for
    mechanical rectifiers, so a big portion of the plant at Niagara was
    built for 25 Hz. 25 Hz mains were all over New York and Buffalo was
    a huge center for electrolytic refining of aluminum (which takes a
    lot of DC current, orignally from mechanical rectifiers). I think all
    of that infrastructure was gone, along with the two-phase transmission
    system.
    --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From John Levine@johnl@taugh.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 02:28:25 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    According to danny burstein <dannyb@panix.com>:
    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:

    The 25Hz section should be converted to 60Hz so they can get rid of the
    inverters and motor-generators that do the frequency conversion but I suspect
    Amtrak has higher priority capital needs.

    (Why was part of it electrified with 25 Hz? Was that in use for the
    local power grid there?)

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    Niagara Falls was the site of a lot of early hydropower. I was there a week ago
    and stopped by the Schoelkpof power plant ruins, just downstream from the Rainbow
    bridge. It was built in 1905, replacing an earlier plant that used belts and pulleys
    to power nearby factories. It fell into the river in 1956, later replaced by the
    Robert Moses plant farther downstream. There is a similar size Sir Adam Beck station
    on the Ontario side. I got there too late to go inside and take the elevator down to
    see the ruins up close.

    I didn't know about the Adams site, but I'll take a look the next time I'm there, probably next month. The pictures in Wikipedia suggest that it now belongs to the local sewer department and you can't get very close to it.
    The portal was taken apart and reassembled on Goat Island nearby.

    Fun fact: Triscuit crackers were made by the Shredded Wheat Company in a plant near the falls, so named because they were baked with electricity from the falls.

    https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-montgomery-advertiser-triscuit-bake/34452781/

    When I first went there thirty years ago there were still grain elevators with a
    TRISCUIT sign.
    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 02:33:09 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In <111cr09$18j3$1@gal.iecc.com> John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> writes:

    Robert Moses plant farther downstream. There is a similar size Sir Adam Beck station
    on the Ontario side. I got there too late to go inside and take the elevator down to
    see the ruins up close.

    Those of us who lived in the extended Northeast of the US [a] back
    in 1965 have some not very fond memories of the Sir Adam Beck
    Relay Station...

    [a] and some of Canada, too

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_1965
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 06:54:28 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?= <ldo@nz.invalid> posted:

    On Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:06:36 -0400, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    But trains need to be able to make emergency stops in a much shorter distance. So they need more stopping power than starting power.

    But itrCOs never enough, is it? Road vehicles can abide by the rule that
    you should not drive faster than you can stop in the portion of
    available roadway visible to you. Trains cannot.

    That's why (pre-)signalling distances, grades and braking capacities
    are important factors for setting line (section) speeds for a given train.

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 07:01:30 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) posted:

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    My question was going to be whether these "dropouts" are at random
    places or consistently in the same place, although I was merely thinking
    of AC phase breaks, not of moving between different electrification >systems.

    I don't know. I don't remember them being consistent but I have not paid
    the greatest of attention.

    (Why was part of it electrified with 25 Hz? Was that in use for the
    local power grid there?)

    25 Hz is a win for high torque low speed AC motors, as well as for mechanical rectifiers, so a big portion of the plant at Niagara was
    built for 25 Hz. 25 Hz mains were all over New York and Buffalo was
    a huge center for electrolytic refining of aluminum (which takes a
    lot of DC current, orignally from mechanical rectifiers). I think all
    of that infrastructure was gone, along with the two-phase transmission system.
    --scott

    1/3 of the 50 Hz used in households were set in Germany, Austria,
    Switzerland, Southern France, Sweden and Norway as 50 Hz was too
    much for big electric motors in trains at the time.

    Combinations of electric motors and gernerators were and are used. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahnstromumformerwerk

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 10:35:42 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the
    source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.

    But rheostatic braking doesn't.

    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.
    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 09:40:35 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-23, Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.

    But rheostatic braking doesn't.

    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    But they can, provided there *is* a battery for it?
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 10:45:40 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 15:08:37 -0400, Cryptoengineer
    <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Trolley buses sometimes have regenerative braking. It is used when
    going down hills to keep the bus from speeting up. In a diesel bus you
    use a lower gear and use the engine compression. It stops the brake
    shoes from overheating.

    The advantage with a trolley bus is that regen braking can help a bus
    on the other side of the road climbing the hill while the first bus is descending.

    It isn't really used for stopping the bus. Similarly with an electric
    or hybrid car -- coasting down a hill can put power back into the
    battery.

    With a train, likewise, it's not to stop the train, but to keep it
    from going too fast down hills, so it doesn't need to be in every
    coach. And what it pumps back into the wires can help a train going up
    on the other track, which means it draws less power from the power
    station and so saves money.







    To do this with regen, you'd have to put motors/generators on
    every axle on every car, which is expensive and impractical.

    I don't know enough to say if it would be practical to let
    the engine do much braking for the whole train.

    pt
    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 08:56:24 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 15:08:37 -0400, Cryptoengineer
    <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:

    Mulling over it, I think part of the problem is that while trains
    apply traction only at the engine(s), when they brake, braking is
    applied on every car, via the pneumatic system where a vacuum
    hold the brake shoes off the wheels (with the advantage that a
    car that breaks free automatically brakes).

    Trolley buses sometimes have regenerative braking. It is used when
    going down hills to keep the bus from speeting up. In a diesel bus you
    use a lower gear and use the engine compression. It stops the brake
    shoes from overheating.

    Many buses here have hydraulic or electric retarders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retarder_(mechanical_engineering)

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 09:00:51 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.

    But rheostatic braking doesn't.

    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    Yes and not, see for capacitators in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurorunner#Technical

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 14:37:01 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-22, Lawrence DrCOOliveiro wrote:

    On Mon, 22 Jun 2026 12:06:36 -0400, Cryptoengineer wrote:

    But trains need to be able to make emergency stops in a much shorter
    distance. So they need more stopping power than starting power.

    But itrCOs never enough, is it? Road vehicles can abide by the rule that
    you should not drive faster than you can stop in the portion of
    available roadway visible to you. Trains cannot.

    Passenger trains may be able to pull that, the limiting factor might
    become passenger safety, besides the design of the brakes (as the energy
    has to go somewhere, it can't halt and catch fire).

    Now freight trains have a much larger mass to stop, and that's even
    without considering that in some places (at least the USA?) freight
    trains are longer and may even double-deck containers.

    It has to allow stronger braking, but there is going to be a
    limit.

    (What they're required to do, perhaps equivalent to the road vehicle >situation Lawrence mentioned, is to travel at a speed that allows them
    to comply with the expected aspect of the following signal - so if a
    freight train needs to decelerate quite early in order to be able to
    stop before a signal at danger, then it has to do that, and the caution >aspect either forces a lower speed or indicates that the speed will have
    to be reduced at the right moment (e.g. following EBICAB
    indications). This may also define a ceiling for the top speed allowed, >depending on the distance between signals.)

    Not all the rail lines in the US have PTC signalling. Many routes still
    use track warrants for clearance (e.g. CPKC ottumwa sub).


    For emergency braking, besides applying the full braking power, rail
    vehicles will often also have sanders/sandboxes.

    Useful mostly for downgrade braking.

    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 14:39:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:
    On 2026-06-23, Steve Hayes wrote:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's >>>experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art >>>on these?

    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the
    source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.

    But rheostatic braking doesn't.

    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    But they can, provided there *is* a battery for it?

    The added weight of the battery system would likely erase any
    savings, leaving aside the additional upfront and
    maintenance costs.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Paul S Person@psperson@old.netcom.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 08:50:58 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:00:51 GMT, Ulf Kutzner <user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid> wrote:

    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:

    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the art
    on these?

    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the
    source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.

    But rheostatic braking doesn't.

    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    Yes and not, see for capacitators in >https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurorunner#Technical
    I remember capacitors. I last encountered them as a topic online when
    I read that, to /really/ turn a computer off so it /really/ boots from
    scratch, you need to leave it off for a minute or two for the
    capacitors to discharge. Otherwise you may boot it into a prior state,
    or into parts of a prior state.
    Capacitor -- the other battery. As it were.
    --
    "Here lies the Tuscan poet Aretino,
    Who evil spoke of everyone but God,
    Giving as his excuse, 'I never knew him.'"
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 17:17:52 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Paul S Person <psperson@old.netcom.invalid> writes:
    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:00:51 GMT, Ulf Kutzner ><user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid> wrote:


    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    =20
    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that =
    what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the =
    art
    on these?
    =20
    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the
    source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.
    =20
    But rheostatic braking doesn't.=20
    =20
    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    Yes and not, see for capacitators in >>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurorunner#Technical

    I remember capacitors. I last encountered them as a topic online when
    I read that, to /really/ turn a computer off so it /really/ boots from >scratch, you need to leave it off for a minute or two for the
    capacitors to discharge. Otherwise you may boot it into a prior state,
    or into parts of a prior state.

    For electrical safety when working on an electrical circuit, one
    must work safely around (or manually discharge) large capacitors
    in the power supply circuitry.

    What you write about booting computers vis-a-vis capacitors is
    completely incorrect.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From John Levine@johnl@taugh.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Tue Jun 23 17:23:14 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    According to Paul S Person <psperson@old.netcom.invalid>:
    Capacitor -- the other battery. As it were.

    I was in Seville a few weeks ago where there is a tram line that has
    catenary on the north half, but not on the south half which goes past
    the cathedral so the want it to look nice. The trams have large
    capacitors in the roof which charge up on the wired part and I presume
    also when braking. Apparently they can fully charge in under a minute
    while stopped at the north end of the line.

    The transition is smooth enough that I didn't notice until I was
    having dinner at a resto on a street in the south half and I looked up
    at the street trees (limes, I think.) Hey, there weren't any wires
    behind them.
    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Lawrence =?iso-8859-13?q?D=FFOliveiro?=@ldo@nz.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Wed Jun 24 01:14:06 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 10:45:40 +0200, Steve Hayes wrote:

    In a diesel bus you use a lower gear and use the engine compression.
    It stops the brake shoes from overheating.

    Works in a petrol-engined car, too.

    The last time I drove a full automatic, it took about a whole second
    to respond to my selection of a lower gear. A tiptronic is better,
    because you can switch to the manual side, and there it responds
    pretty much instantly.

    My current car is a full-on manual.
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ulf Kutzner@user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Wed Jun 24 07:07:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written


    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) posted:

    Paul S Person <psperson@old.netcom.invalid> writes:
    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:00:51 GMT, Ulf Kutzner ><user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid> wrote:


    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    =20
    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that = >what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the = >art
    on these?
    =20
    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the >>> source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.
    =20
    But rheostatic braking doesn't.=20
    =20
    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    Yes and not, see for capacitators in >>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurorunner#Technical

    I remember capacitors. I last encountered them as a topic online when
    I read that, to /really/ turn a computer off so it /really/ boots from >scratch, you need to leave it off for a minute or two for the
    capacitors to discharge. Otherwise you may boot it into a prior state,
    or into parts of a prior state.

    For electrical safety when working on an electrical circuit, one
    must work safely around (or manually discharge) large capacitors
    in the power supply circuitry.

    What you write about booting computers vis-a-vis capacitors is
    completely incorrect.

    Maybe a minute or two is too much but still
    (applies to today's TV sets, too): https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5642/was-there-ever-any-reason-to-wait-30-seconds-to-restart-a-c-1995-pc

    Regards, ULF
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Paul S Person@psperson@old.netcom.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Wed Jun 24 08:37:45 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 17:17:52 GMT, scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal)
    wrote:
    Paul S Person <psperson@old.netcom.invalid> writes:
    On Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:00:51 GMT, Ulf Kutzner >><user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid> wrote:


    Steve Hayes <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> posted:

    On Sun, 21 Jun 2026 08:51:42 +0100, Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> wrote:
    =20
    On 2026-06-21, Cryptoengineer wrote:
    EVs use regenerative braking, but dump the power back into the
    batteries. This provides a great deal of extra range. You'd think
    this would also be used in trains, but apparently its only used
    in a few experimental units:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_train

    I think regenerative braking is in widespread use. I guess that = >>what's
    experimental is storing in a battery.

    Might well be because of volume and weight, how is the state of the = >>art
    on these?
    =20
    Regenerative braking, as far as I know, always restores current to the >>>> source, whether batteried, overhead wires or conductor rails.
    =20
    But rheostatic braking doesn't.=20
    =20
    There doesn't seem to be any point in regen braking with
    diesel-electric lcomotives, since they can't re-8se that power.

    Yes and not, see for capacitators in >>>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurorunner#Technical

    I remember capacitors. I last encountered them as a topic online when
    I read that, to /really/ turn a computer off so it /really/ boots from >>scratch, you need to leave it off for a minute or two for the
    capacitors to discharge. Otherwise you may boot it into a prior state,
    or into parts of a prior state.

    For electrical safety when working on an electrical circuit, one
    must work safely around (or manually discharge) large capacitors
    in the power supply circuitry.

    What you write about booting computers vis-a-vis capacitors is
    completely incorrect.
    So I've been told, and yet Ulf Kutzner provides an item (https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5642/was-there-ever-any-reason-to-wait-30-seconds-to-restart-a-c-1995-pc)
    that includes this comment from an EE system designer.
    "30 seconds was always overkill in terms of any digital state. Even
    very large capacitors on a motherboard (not true inside the AC/DC
    supply or CRT) are completely drained in fractions of a second. I have
    taken many scope measurements on many systems and sometimes find a
    3-second hold-up on badly designed circuits where a voltage that
    matters has very high impedance when the system is off (usually
    something in a stand-by power circuit with a load switch) and they'll
    prevent a clean reset. But 3 seconds is about the limit of what I've
    seen."
    So, apparently, what I said isn't /completely/ wrong. Just wrong about 99.999999% of the time.
    The question was about a recommended 30 second wait. I found this
    comment interesting:
    "I know someone working on a helpdesk, who still advises these long
    times when she lets people reboot a PC or modem. The reason being that
    people just won't turn it off at all if she doesn't. When she makes
    them turn it off, basically sing a song while on the phone, and then
    turn it on again, it's harder for the users to 'cheat.'"
    which may say something about how this advice keeps on being given.
    --
    "Here lies the Tuscan poet Aretino,
    Who evil spoke of everyone but God,
    Giving as his excuse, 'I never knew him.'"
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From BCFD 36@bcfd36@cruzio.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Thu Jun 25 10:37:46 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/22/26 17:24, danny burstein wrote:
    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:


    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my revenge!".

    [stuff deleted]


    --
    ----------------

    Dave Scruggs
    Senior Software Engineer - Lockheed Martin, et. al (mostly Retired)
    Captain - Boulder Creek Fire (Retired)
    Board of Directors - Boulder Creek Fire Protection District (What was I thinking?)
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Thu Jun 25 17:45:09 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my >revenge!".

    amusingly enough 1975ish, I was in the IND (8th Ave) subway station
    attached to that horrible facility called (what's left of) Penn Station.

    This was middle of winter, with a weeklong sub zero Farenheit cold wave.

    I have no idea how and why, but part of the incandescent platform
    lighting was tied into the 25 hz rail circuitry. The reason I
    know this is... the lamps were flickering at a just barely detectable
    fifty flashes/second...
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From BCFD 36@bcfd36@cruzio.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Thu Jun 25 10:52:42 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/25/26 10:37, BCFD 36 wrote:
    On 6/22/26 17:24, danny burstein wrote:
    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:


    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my revenge!".

    [stuff deleted]




    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dh2yk23SkCw for those that are curious.
    The guys in the band behind them seemed to be enjoying it.
    --
    ----------------

    Dave Scruggs
    Senior Software Engineer - Lockheed Martin, et. al (mostly Retired)
    Captain - Boulder Creek Fire (Retired)
    Board of Directors - Boulder Creek Fire Protection District (What was I thinking?)
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Alexander Schreiber@als@usenet.thangorodrim.de to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Thu Jun 25 21:37:29 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    danny burstein <dannyb@panix.com> wrote:
    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my >>revenge!".

    amusingly enough 1975ish, I was in the IND (8th Ave) subway station
    attached to that horrible facility called (what's left of) Penn Station.

    This was middle of winter, with a weeklong sub zero Farenheit cold wave.

    I have no idea how and why, but part of the incandescent platform
    lighting was tied into the 25 hz rail circuitry. The reason I
    know this is... the lamps were flickering at a just barely detectable
    fifty flashes/second...

    So, just enough to be annoying, right?

    SCNR,
    Alex.
    --
    "Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and
    looks like work." -- Thomas A. Edison
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From ted@loft.tnolan.com (Ted Nolan@tednolan to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Thu Jun 25 22:23:42 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In article <111jpta$3mhit$2@dont-email.me>, BCFD 36 <bcfd36@cruzio.com> wrote: >On 6/25/26 10:37, BCFD 36 wrote:
    On 6/22/26 17:24, danny burstein wrote:
    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:


    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my
    revenge!".

    [stuff deleted]




    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dh2yk23SkCw for those that are curious.
    The guys in the band behind them seemed to be enjoying it.


    You probably always want to be behind that trio!
    --
    columbiaclosings.com
    What's not in Columbia anymore..
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 10:00:04 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Wed, 24 Jun 2026 07:07:43 GMT, Ulf Kutzner <user2991@newsgrouper.org.invalid> wrote:

    What you write about booting computers vis-a-vis capacitors is
    completely incorrect.

    Maybe a minute or two is too much but still
    (applies to today's TV sets, too): >https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/5642/was-there-ever-any-reason-to-wait-30-seconds-to-restart-a-c-1995-pc

    If I switch off my desktop computer at the wall and switch it on again
    within a few seconds, it will reboot wothout touching the switch on
    the box. If I count to 10, it won't reboot on its own.
    --
    Steve Hayes from Tshwane, South Africa
    Web: http://www.khanya.org.za/stevesig.htm
    Blog: http://methodius.blogspot.com
    E-mail - see web page, or parse: shayes at dunelm full stop org full stop uk --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 12:04:09 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/25/2026 1:45 PM, danny burstein wrote:
    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took my
    revenge!".

    amusingly enough 1975ish, I was in the IND (8th Ave) subway station
    attached to that horrible facility called (what's left of) Penn Station.

    This was middle of winter, with a weeklong sub zero Farenheit cold wave.

    I have no idea how and why, but part of the incandescent platform
    lighting was tied into the 25 hz rail circuitry. The reason I
    know this is... the lamps were flickering at a just barely detectable
    fifty flashes/second...

    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    pt

    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 12:07:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/25/2026 1:52 PM, BCFD 36 wrote:
    On 6/25/26 10:37, BCFD 36 wrote:
    On 6/22/26 17:24, danny burstein wrote:
    In <111ciki$1t5pn$1@dont-email.me> Nuno Silva
    <nunojsilva@invalid.invalid> writes:


    [stuff deleted]

    25 cycles per second was a MAJOR portion of the early
    electrical grid, including the huge generators at (wait
    for it...) Niagara Falls!

    "Niagara Falls! Slowly I turned, step by step, inch by inch... I took
    my revenge!".

    [stuff deleted]




    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dh2yk23SkCw for those that are curious.
    The guys in the band behind them seemed to be enjoying it.

    Thanks! Years since I've seen that.

    pt
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From John Levine@johnl@taugh.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 19:00:56 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    According to Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com>:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    It says here that the subway uses 1.8 billion KWh, similar to what
    Buffalo uses.

    https://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Subway_FAQ:_Facts_and_Figures#Power

    It says here that Vermont uses 2958 megawatt hours, so it's the same
    order of magnitude but Vermont is about 50% more. It's a small state
    but it's not *that* small.

    https://www.eia.gov/electricity/state/vermont/
    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From kludge@kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 16:26:19 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!
    --scott
    --
    "C'est un Nagra. C'est suisse, et tres, tres precis."
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 20:28:29 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    In <111mn9b$q93$1@panix2.panix.com> kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:

    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!

    just during thunderstorms..
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From BobbieSellers@bliss-sf4ever@dslextremeinvalid.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Fri Jun 26 21:27:57 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/26/26 13:26, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!
    --scott

    Yeps the whole nation is going to hell in a hand-basket.
    Private refrigeration has destroyed the Ice business.
    And the cost of a buggy-whip has gone thru the roof now
    that only the billionaires can afford a stable.
    Indoor plumbing won't build the character that one develops
    running to the outhouse in midwinter thru the snow.

    Well you folks will continue to go down the drain with all
    the technological toys you use...




    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Nuno Silva@nunojsilva@invalid.invalid to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sat Jun 27 09:38:38 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 2026-06-27, BobbieSellers wrote:

    On 6/26/26 13:26, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!
    --scott

    Yeps the whole nation is going to hell in a hand-basket.
    Private refrigeration has destroyed the Ice business.
    And the cost of a buggy-whip has gone thru the roof now
    that only the billionaires can afford a stable.
    Indoor plumbing won't build the character that one develops
    running to the outhouse in midwinter thru the snow.

    Well you folks will continue to go down the drain with all
    the technological toys you use...

    Yeah, and there's this thing where vehicles can have much higher
    capacity and run efficiently on electrical power with no need for large batteries, and even run at high speeds without need to employ tires -
    that's going to destroy the US EV business. And the oil lobby will go
    haywire too.
    --
    Nuno Silva
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From BobbieSellers@bliss-sf4ever@dslextremeinvalid.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sat Jun 27 22:44:06 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/27/26 01:38, Nuno Silva wrote:
    On 2026-06-27, BobbieSellers wrote:

    On 6/26/26 13:26, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!
    --scott

    Yeps the whole nation is going to hell in a hand-basket.
    Private refrigeration has destroyed the Ice business.
    And the cost of a buggy-whip has gone thru the roof now
    that only the billionaires can afford a stable.
    Indoor plumbing won't build the character that one develops
    running to the outhouse in midwinter thru the snow.

    Well you folks will continue to go down the drain with all
    the technological toys you use...

    Yeah, and there's this thing where vehicles can have much higher
    capacity and run efficiently on electrical power with no need for large batteries, and even run at high speeds without need to employ tires -
    that's going to destroy the US EV business. And the oil lobby will go
    haywire too.

    Yes but our near ancestors got by with coal-burning steam locomotives, bicycles and horse motivated carriages and wagons.
    That coal smoke and horse droppings flavored the air of big
    towns and cities. You knew where you were by the smell of the air.
    Why do you think so many went West to settle the praires.

    But what distinguished San Francisco from the 1950s thru the
    1970s were the coffee roasting houses by the water front. You knew
    you were in town when that odor rose to meet you coming off the
    Bay Bridge. Horse dust was further back in time when the city had
    to employ sweepers to keep the streets less odorous. We used to
    have bakeries that emitted a yeasty alcoholic odor and probablu
    the big breweries did as well.

    The Past is gone, the Future will be over soon, but the
    Now is too brief to notice. But oil from ancient eons
    burned in the last 200 years will leave a permanent
    stain on history if we have more of that to speak of.

    bliss
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 28 14:07:11 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/28/2026 1:44 AM, BobbieSellers wrote:
    On 6/27/26 01:38, Nuno Silva wrote:
    On 2026-06-27, BobbieSellers wrote:

    On 6/26/26 13:26, Scott Dorsey wrote:
    Cryptoengineer-a <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire >>>>> state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now?-a Wow!
    --scott

    -a-a-a-aYeps the whole nation is going to hell in a hand-basket.
    -a-a-a-aPrivate refrigeration has destroyed the Ice business.
    -a-a-a-aAnd the cost of a buggy-whip has gone thru the roof now
    that only the billionaires can afford a stable.
    -a-a-a-aIndoor plumbing won't build the character that one develops
    running to the outhouse in midwinter thru the snow.

    -a-a-a-aWell you folks will continue to go down the drain with all
    the technological toys you use...

    Yeah, and there's this thing where vehicles can have much higher
    capacity and run efficiently on electrical power with no need for large
    batteries, and even run at high speeds without need to employ tires -
    that's going to destroy the US EV business. And the oil lobby will go
    haywire too.

    -a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a-a Yes but our near ancestors got by with coal-burning steam
    locomotives, bicycles and horse motivated carriages and wagons.
    -a-a-a-aThat coal smoke and horse droppings flavored the air of big
    towns and cities. You knew where you were by the smell of the air.
    -a-a-a-aWhy do you think so many went West to settle the praires.

    -a-a-a-aBut what distinguished San Francisco from the 1950s thru the
    1970s were the coffee roasting houses by the water front. You knew
    you were in town when that odor rose to meet you coming off the
    Bay Bridge. Horse dust was further back in time when the city had
    to employ sweepers to keep the streets less odorous.-a We used to
    have bakeries that emitted a yeasty alcoholic odor and probablu
    the big breweries did as well.

    I can remember when Mass Ave near MIT smelled of chocolate, from
    the Necco Wafer factory nearby.

    pt
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From John Levine@johnl@taugh.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 28 18:25:25 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    According to Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com>:
    -a-a-a-aBut what distinguished San Francisco from the 1950s thru the
    1970s were the coffee roasting houses by the water front. You knew
    you were in town when that odor rose to meet you coming off the
    Bay Bridge. Horse dust was further back in time when the city had
    to employ sweepers to keep the streets less odorous.-a We used to
    have bakeries that emitted a yeasty alcoholic odor and probablu
    the big breweries did as well.

    I can remember when Mass Ave near MIT smelled of chocolate, from
    the Necco Wafer factory nearby.

    The chocolate smell from the Junior Mints factory across the street
    was a lot stronger when I was working there 40 years ago.
    --
    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Primary Perpetrator of "The Internet for Dummies",
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to rec.arts.sf.written,misc.transport.rail.misc on Sun Jun 28 18:42:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    [snip]
    1970s were the coffee roasting houses by the water front. You knew
    you were in town when that odor rose to meet you coming off the
    Bay Bridge. Horse dust was further back in time when the city had
    to employ sweepers to keep the streets less odorous.-a We used to
    have bakeries that emitted a yeasty alcoholic odor and probablu
    the big breweries did as well.

    I can remember when Mass Ave near MIT smelled of chocolate, from
    the Necco Wafer factory nearby.

    The chocolate smell from the Junior Mints factory across the street
    was a lot stronger when I was working there 40 years ago.

    NYC landmark: alnogside the Major Deegan Expressway
    (the part of the NYS Thruway in The Bronx), anywhere
    within a mile each side of the Stell D'Oro bakery factory.

    Alas, they shut down decades ago and sold the name
    to Nabisco, which then, etc., etc., and so forth'ed,
    and now it's simply another line from Big Corporate
    Something or another.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella_D'oro
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From The Horny Goat@lcraver@home.ca to rec.arts.sf.written on Mon Jun 29 20:46:16 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On Fri, 26 Jun 2026 20:28:29 -0000 (UTC), danny burstein
    <dannyb@panix.com> wrote:

    In <111mn9b$q93$1@panix2.panix.com> kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes:

    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire >>>state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!

    just during thunderstorms..

    I dunno - it's amazing what you can do with gerbils on treadmills to
    run generators...
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cryptoengineer@petertrei@gmail.com to rec.arts.sf.written on Tue Jun 30 15:21:32 2026
    From Newsgroup: rec.arts.sf.written

    On 6/29/2026 11:46 PM, The Horny Goat wrote:
    On Fri, 26 Jun 2026 20:28:29 -0000 (UTC), danny burstein
    <dannyb@panix.com> wrote:

    In <111mn9b$q93$1@panix2.panix.com> kludge@panix.com (Scott Dorsey) writes: >>
    Cryptoengineer <petertrei@gmail.com> wrote:
    I've read that the NYC subway uses about as much power as the entire
    state of Vermont. Haven't confirmed this, but it seems plausible.

    They have electricity in Vermont now? Wow!

    just during thunderstorms..

    I dunno - it's amazing what you can do with gerbils on treadmills to
    run generators...

    Seeing its VT, its easier to get chipmunks.

    pt
    --- Synchronet 3.22a-Linux NewsLink 1.2