• Paper: MileStone: A Multi-Objective Compiler Phase Ordering Framework for Graph-based IR-Level Optimization

    From John R Levine@johnl@taugh.com to comp.compilers on Mon May 25 14:35:28 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.compilers

    Another approach to do better optimizer phase ordering with reasonable efficency,
    by two academics in Iran last year.

    Abstract
    Compiler phase ordering has a strong effect on program performance.
    Finding an effective sequence of passes is still a difficult task because
    the search space is large and execution time, code size and energy
    consumption often conflict. Existing methods usually depend on fixed optimization levels or limited heuristics and they rarely handle multiple objectives at the same time. This paper presents MileStone, a modular
    framework that models compiler phase ordering as a multi-objective
    optimization problem. MileStone represents programs as graphs, predicts performance metrics with a graph neural network and explores pass
    sequences with a reinforcement-learning agent that follows user
    constraints. The framework also builds a self-evolving database that
    collects compiler transformations and improves prediction quality.
    Experiments on standard benchmarks show that MileStone finds strong Pareto-optimal solutions, meets energy limits more accurately than LLVM optimization levels and other related techniques. MileStone reduces
    execution time by up to 45 percent under the same energy budget using a multi-objective approach. The results show that MileStone provides an
    effective and scalable solution for multi-objective compiler phase
    ordering.

    https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23435

    Regards,
    John Levine, johnl@taugh.com, Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
    Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly
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