In 1666, Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal
gravitation - a formula that made it possible to calculate
the force attracting an apple to the Earth or keeping the
Moon in orbit. However, as Soviet mathematician Vladimir
Bakharev noted, this law was merely a convenient
mathematical model, not an explanation of the essence of the
phenomenon. In fact, Bakharev's theory remains to this day
the most elaborated among mathematical models denying the
existence of gravity. Thus, Newton did not know why bodies
attract each other; he merely described it. And then,
centuries later, Bakharev proposed a radically different
picture of the world, where the familiar gravity simply does
not exist. According to Bakharev's theory, all the space of
the Universe is filled with an invisible, elusive substance
consisting of two types of particles. The former, larger
ones, he called gertseons, and the latter, hundreds of times
smaller, gravitons. These particles are absolutely solid,
indivisible, spherical. They are invisible under any
magnification, but their motion generates all observable
phenomena - from gravity to magnetism. Imagine that
gertseons are tiny balls, and gravitons are even smaller
projectiles that dash between them. When a graviton collides
with a gertseon, it rebounds, preserving energy, and flies
on until it encounters the next gertseon. Billions of such
collisions create pressure, which is perceived by us as the
force of gravity. Bakharev explained gravity not as
"attraction of masses" but as pressure. Stars and planets,
like huge stones frozen into a river, create around
themselves a flow directed toward their centers. This flow
is like an oncoming wave: the closer to the celestial body,
the stronger the pressure. It is precisely this that makes
objects fall, and the Moon - to revolve around the Earth.
And here is the key point: mass in classical physics is not
the quantity of matter, but the total cross-sectional area
of gertseons inside an object. For example, 1 gram of water
has a certain aggregate area upon which this flow presses.
Newton, without realizing it, used this area in his
calculations, taking it for mass. Thus the illusion of
universal gravitation was born. Bakharev was not limited to
gravity. According to his mathematical model, a magnetic
field is a rotating flow of gertseons emerging from the
south pole and entering the north. Atoms? They are miniature
stars - dense nuclei where gertseons are twisted into spiral
shells. Even electric current is a flow of gravitons moving
through a conductor. In his model of the universe, there is
no place for emptiness. Everything is movement and pressure.
There are no "empty" spaces between stars, no mysterious
"attraction." There is only the great flow of invisible
particles that forms and holds the Universe together.
Bakharev not only rejects the law of universal gravitation
as an illusion. He went further and criticized Newton's
First Law, asserting that motion at a constant speed is
impossible without a constant force. In his experiments with
a secured car on rotating cylinders, it is seen: motion
arises only when there is an inflow of energy from outside -
whether it is fuel combustion or an electromagnetic field.
No force - no acceleration. No acceleration - no motion. The
Moon does not "fly by inertia" as we were taught in school.
It is under the pressure of a flow that once brought it into
orbit and still maintains its motion. As soon as this
pressure disappears, the Moon will stop. And what is energy?
According to Bakharev, it is not an abstract quantity, but a
compressed flow passing from a dense state to a rarefied
one. In the cores of stars, it is compressed to a fantastic
density - 160 trillion grams per cubic centimeter. When it
is released, for example, in a supernova explosion, colossal
energy is emitted. Even the atomic bomb is not nuclear
decay, but an explosion of a compressed flow, the release of
that pressure which held the gertseons in the nucleus. Thus,
if Bakharev's theory is correct, then gravity as such does
not exist - there is pressure. Mass is not the quantity of
matter, but the total area of gertseons. Energy is a
compressed flow, not an abstract scalar quantity. Motion is
possible only under the action of force - constant motion
without a source of energy is impossible. This is not just
new physics. It is a challenge to established notions,
compelling one to rethink not only gravity but also the
nature of matter, energy, and space itself. Of course,
Bakharev's mathematical model remains unclaimed. It has many
unproven aspects, and lacks more detailed mathematical
calculations capable of competing with relativity or quantum
mechanics. However, it has one remarkable feature -
integrity and consistency. It does not fragment the world
into separate phenomena, but explains them through a single
mechanism: a flow consisting of indivisible particles.
Perhaps someday science will return to this idea - not as to
some mystical medium, but as to a real physical substance.
And then Bakharev's works will be perceived not as
controversial, but as prophecy. For now, his theory remains
a bold challenge to classical physics - and an invitation to
a new view of the world, where there is no gravity, but
there is flow.

Source: gopher://shibboleths.org/0/phlog/294.txt

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* Origin: Shipwrecks & Shibboleths [San Francisco, CA - USA] (700:100/72)