The Emperor's Three Questions
(By Leo Tolstoy)


. One day it occurred to a certain emperor that if he only knew the
answers to three questions, he would never stray in any matter.

. 1. What is the best time to do each thing?
. 2. Who are the most important people to work with?
. 3. What is the most important thing to do at all times?

. The emperor issued a decree throughout his kingdom announcing
that whoever could answer the questions would receive a great reward.
Many who read the decree made their way to the palace at once, each
person with a different answer.

. In reply to the first question, one person advised that the
emperor make up a thorough time schedule, consecrating every hour,
day, month and year for certain tasks and then follow the schedule to
the letter. Only then could he hope to do every task at the right
time.

. Another person replied that it was impossible to plan in advance
and that the emperor should put all vain amusements aside and remain
attentive to everything in order to know what to do at what time.

. Someone else insisted that, by himself, the emperor could never
hope to have all the foresight and competence necessary to decide when
to do each and every task, and what he really needed was to set up a
Council of the Wise and then to act according to their advice.

. Someone else said that certain matters require immediate decision
and could not wait for consultation, but if he wanted to know in
advance what was going to happen he should consult magicians and
soothsayers.

. The responses to the second question also lacked accord.

. One person said that the emperor needed to place all his trust in administrators, another urged reliance on priests and monks, while
others recommended physicians. Still others put their faith in
warriors.

. The third question drew a similar variety of answers.

. Some said science was the most important pursuit. Others
insisted on religion. Yet others claimed the most important thing was
military skill.

. The emperor was not pleased with any of the answers, and no
reward was given.

. After several nights of reflection, the emperor resolved to visit
a hermit who lived on a mountain and was said to be an enlightened
man. The emperor wished to find the hermit to ask him the three
questions, though he knew the hermit never left the mountains and was
known to receive only the poor, refusing to have anything to do with
persons of wealth or power. So the emperor disguised himself as a
simple peasant and ordered his attendants to wait for him at the foot
of the mountain while he climbed the slope alone to seek the hermit.

. Reaching the holy man's dwelling place, the emperor found the
hermit digging a garden in front of his hut. When the hermit saw the
stranger, he nodded his head in greeting and continued to dig. The
labor was obviously hard on him. He was an old man, and each time he
thrust his spade into the ground to turn the earth, he heaved heavily.

. The emperor approached him and said, "I have come here to ask
your help with three questions: When is the best time to do each
thing? Who are the most important people to work with? What is the
most important thing to do at all times?"

. The hermit listened attentively but only patted the emperor on
the shoulder and continued digging. The emperor said, "You must be
tired. Here, let me give you a hand with that." The hermit thanked
him, handed the emperor the spade, and then sat down on the ground to
rest.

. After he had dug two rows, the emperor stopped and turned to the
hermit and repeated his three questions. The hermit still did not
answer, but instead stood and pointed to the spade and said, "Why
don't you rest now? I can take over again." But the emperor
continued to dig. One hour passed, then two. Finally the sun began
to set behind the mountain. The emperor put down the spade and said
to the hermit, "I came here to ask if you could answer my three
questions. But if you can't give me any answer, please let me know so
that I can get on my way home."

. The hermit lifted his head and asked the emperor, "Do you hear
someone running over there?" The emperor turned his head. They both
saw a man with a long white beard emerge from the woods. He ran
wildly, pressing his hands against a bloody wound in his stomach. The
man ran toward the emperor before falling unconscious to the ground,
where he lay groaning. Opening the man's clothing, the emperor and
hermit saw that the man had received a deep gash. The emperor cleaned
the wound thoroughly and then used his own shirt to bandage it, but
the blood completely soaked it within minutes. He rinsed the shirt
out and bandaged the wound a second time and continued to do so until
the flow of blood had stopped.

. At last the wounded man regained consciousness and asked for a
drink of water. The emperor ran down to the stream and brought back a
jug of fresh water. Meanwhile, the sun had disappeared and the night
air had begun to turn cold. The hermit gave the emperor a hand in
carrying the man into the hut where they laid him down on the hermit's
bed. The man closed his eyes and lay quietly. The emperor was worn
out from a long day of climbing the mountain and digging the garden.
Leaning against the doorway, he fell asleep. When he rose, the sun
had already risen over the mountain. For a moment he forgot where he
was and what he had come here for. He looked over to the bed and saw
the wounded man also looking around him in confusion. When he saw the
emperor, he stared at him intently and then said in a faint whisper,
"Please forgive me."

. "But what have you done that I should forgive you?" the emperor
asked.

. "You do not know me, your majesty, but I know you. I was your
sworn enemy, and I had vowed to take vengeance on you, for during the
last war you killed my brother and seized my property. When I learned
that you were coming alone to the mountain to meet the hermit, I
resolved to surprise you on your way back and kill you. But after
waiting a long time there was still no sign of you, and so I left my
ambush in order to seek you out. But instead of finding you, I came
across your attendants, who recognized me, giving me this wound.
Luckily, I escaped and ran here. If I hadn't met you I would surely
be dead by now. I had intended to kill you, but instead you saved my
life! I am ashamed and grateful beyond words. If I live, I vow to be
your servant for the rest of my life, and I will bid my children and grandchildren to do the same. Please grant me you forgiveness."

. The emperor was overjoyed to see that he was so easily reconciled
with a former enemy. He not only forgave the man but promised to
return all the man's property and to send his own physician and
servants to wait on the man until he was completely healed. After
ordering his attendants to take the man home, the emperor returned to
see the hermit. Before returning to the place the emperor wanted to
repeat his three questions one last time. He found the hermit sowing
seeds in the earth they had dug the day before.

. The hermit stood up and looked at the emperor. "But your
questions have already been answered."

. "How's that?" the emperor asked, puzzled.

. "Yesterday, if you had not taken pity on my age and given me a
hand with digging these beds, you would have been attacked by that man
on your way home. Then you would have deeply regretted not staying
with me. Therefore the most important time was the time you were
digging in the beds, the most important person was myself, and the
most important pursuit was to help me."
. "Later, when the wounded man ran up here, the most important time
was the time you spent dressing his wound, for if you had not cared
for him he would have died and you would have lost the chance to be
reconciled with him. Likewise, he was the most important person, and
the most important pursuit was taking care of his wound."
. "Remember that there is only one important time and that is now.
The present moment is the only time over which we have dominion. The
most important person is always the person you are with, who is right
before you, for who knows if you will have dealings with any other
person in the future? The most important pursuit is making the person
standing at your side happy, for that alone is the pursuit of life."

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