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Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)

You are subscribed to Cybersecurity Advisories for Cybersecurity and Infras= tructure Security Agency. This information has recently been updated and is=
now available.

CISA Releases Cybersecurity Advisory Detailing Insights from Two Red Team A= ssessments Conducted at Critical Infrastructure Organizations [ https://www= .cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa26-237a?utm_source=3DTaleO= fTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovDelivery ] 08/25/2026 11:00 AM EST=20

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a Cybe= rsecurity Advisory, A Tale of Two SOCs: Insights From Two Red Team Assessme= nts [ https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa26-237a?u= tm_source=3DTaleOfTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovDelivery ], sharing lessons learn=
ed from simultaneous CISA red team assessments conducted by request at two = critical infrastructure organizations.

CISA=E2=80=99s red team simulated real-world threat actor tradecraft to ass= ess each organization=E2=80=99s ability to detect, investigate and respond =
to malicious activity across enterprise IT, cloud identity and applications=
. For Organization B in particular, the team also tested pathways toward th=
e operational technology (OT) environment. Although the red team used simil=
ar tradecraft in both environments, the defensive outcomes differed signifi= cantly:


* *Organization A (Government Services and Facilities Sector)*: The red t= eam gained initial access to multiple workstations, escalated privileges to=
domain-level control, and moved laterally to sensitive business systems (S= BSs) and cloud resources without effective defensive intervention.=20
* *Organization B (Water and Wastewater Systems Sector)*: Defenders rapid=
ly detected and contained the initial compromise by isolating affected work= stations, forcing the red team to move to an assume breach model. Defenders=
also detected and isolated and blocked suspicious cloud account activity. =


The advisory highlights that security outcomes depend on more than tools an=
d underscores that cloud identity and application security remains a common=
risk area, even for organizations with strong on-premises detection and re= sponse capabilities.

CISA urges organizations, especially those operating in hybrid identity env= ironments and/or those with IT-OT connectivity, to review the advisory and = implement mitigations, including the following key actions:


* Establish and continuously maintain a baseline; reduce alert noise by f= ine tuning.=20
* Break down silos and empower network defenders.=20
* Implement Conditional Access policies for workload identities and monit=
or for excessive or unused permissions.=20
* Establish and regularly review comprehensive procedures for detecting, = remediating, and revoking access/refresh tokens in the event of a cloud com= promise.=20

Read the full advisory [ https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-adv= isories/aa26-237a?utm_source=3DTaleOfTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovDelivery ] for=
more information.

The red team findings also highlight the impact of isolation as a critical = defense measure. To learn more about CISA=E2=80=99s guidance on isolation a=
nd recovery, visit the CI Fortify webpage [ https://www.cisa.gov/topics/ind= ustrial-control-systems/ci-fortify ].

Please share your thoughts with us through this anonymous survey [ https://= cisasurvey.gov1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9n4TtB8uttUPaM6?Source=3DGovDeliv= eryTaleOfTwoSOCs ]. We appreciate your feedback.

This product is provided subject to this Notification [ https://www.cisa.go= v/notification ] and this Privacy & Use [ https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-poli=
cy ] policy.

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Having trouble viewing this message?=C2=A0View it as a webpage [ https://co= ntent.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHSCISA/bulletins/426ac8e ].=C2=A0 [ https= ://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHS/bulletins/292141e ]

You are subscribed to updates from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Sec= urity Agency [ https://www.cisa.gov ] (CISA)
Manage Subscriptions [ https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHSCISA/su= bscriber/edit?preferences=3Dtrue#tab1 ]=C2=A0=C2=A0|=C2=A0=C2=A0Privacy Pol= icy [ https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy ]=C2=A0=C2=A0|=C2=A0 Help [ https= ://subscriberhelp.granicus.com/s/article/Subscriber-Help-Center ] [ https:/= /insights.govdelivery.com/Communications/Subscriber_Help_Center ]

Connect with CISA:=20
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<title> CISA Releases Cybersecurity Advisory Detailing Insights from Two=
Red Team Assessments Conducted at Critical Infrastructure Organizations </title>


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<p><img src=3D"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/fancy_images/U= SDHSCISA/2020/06/3486054/05152023-gov-delivery-banner-copy_original.png" al= t=3D"Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)" title=3D"" wi= dth=3D"600" height=3D"100"></p>
<p>You are subscribed to Cybersecurity Advisories for Cybersecurity and I= nfrastructure Security Agency. This information has recently been updated a=
nd is now available.</p>
<div class=3D"rss_item" style=3D"margin-bottom: 2em;">
<div class=3D"rss_title" style=3D"font-weight: bold; font-size: 120%; margi=
n: 0 0 0.3em; padding: 0;"><a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybe= rsecurity-advisories/aa26-237a?utm_source=3DTaleOfTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovD= elivery" target=3D"_blank" title=3D"CISA Releases Cybersecurity Advisory De= tailing Insights from Two Red Team Assessments Conducted at Critical Infras= tructure Organizations" rel=3D"noopener">CISA Releases Cybersecurity Adviso=
ry Detailing Insights from Two Red Team Assessments Conducted at Critical I= nfrastructure Organizations</a></div>
<div class=3D"rss_pub_date" style=3D"font-size: 90%; font-style: italic; co= lor: #666666; margin: 0 0 0.3em; padding: 0;">08/25/2026 11:00 AM EST</div> <div class=3D"l-page-section l-page-section--rich-text csaf-imported">

<div class=3D"l-constrain">
<div class=3D"l-page-section__content">
<p>The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released a C= ybersecurity Advisory, <a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersec= urity-advisories/aa26-237a?utm_source=3DTaleOfTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovDeliv= ery" target=3D"_blank" title=3D"A Tale of Two SOCs: Insights From Two Red T= eam Assessments" rel=3D"noopener">A Tale of Two SOCs: Insights From Two Red=
Team Assessments</a>, sharing lessons learned from simultaneous CISA red t= eam assessments conducted by request at two critical infrastructure organiz= ations.</p>
<p>CISA=E2=80=99s red team simulated real-world threat actor tradecraft to = assess each organization=E2=80=99s ability to detect, investigate and respo=
nd to malicious activity across enterprise IT, cloud identity and applicati= ons. For Organization B in particular, the team also tested pathways toward=
the operational technology (OT) environment. Although the red team used si= milar tradecraft in both environments, the defensive outcomes differed sign= ificantly:</p>


<strong>Organization A (Government Services and Facilities Sector)</strong>=
: The red team gained initial access to multiple workstations, escalated pr= ivileges to domain-level control, and moved laterally to sensitive business=
systems (SBSs) and cloud resources without effective defensive interventio= n.</li>

<strong>Organization B (Water and Wastewater Systems Sector)</strong>: Defe= nders rapidly detected and contained the initial compromise by isolating af= fected workstations, forcing the red team to move to an assume breach model=
. Defenders also detected and isolated and blocked suspicious cloud account=
activity.</li>
</ul>
<p>The advisory highlights that security outcomes depend on more than tools=
and underscores that cloud identity and application security remains a com= mon risk area, even for organizations with strong on-premises detection and=
response capabilities.</p>
<p>CISA urges organizations, especially those operating in hybrid identity = environments and/or those with IT-OT connectivity, to review the advisory a=
nd implement mitigations, including the following key actions:</p>


<li>Establish and continuously maintain a baseline; reduce alert noise by f= ine tuning.</li>
<li>Break down silos and empower network defenders.</li>
<li>Implement Conditional Access policies for workload identities and monit=
or for excessive or unused permissions.</li>
<li>Establish and regularly review comprehensive procedures for detecting, = remediating, and revoking access/refresh tokens in the event of a cloud com= promise.</li>
</ul>
<p>Read the <a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advis= ories/aa26-237a?utm_source=3DTaleOfTwoSOCs&utm_medium=3DGovDelivery" target= =3D"_blank" title=3D"full advisory" rel=3D"noopener">full advisory</a> for = more information.</p>
<p>The red team findings also highlight the impact of isolation as a critic=
al defense measure. To learn more about CISA=E2=80=99s guidance on isolatio=
n and recovery, visit the <a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/topics/industrial= -control-systems/ci-fortify" target=3D"_blank" title=3D"CI Fortify webpage"=
rel=3D"noopener">CI Fortify webpage</a>.</p>
<p>Please share your thoughts with us through this <a href=3D"https://cisas= urvey.gov1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9n4TtB8uttUPaM6?Source=3DGovDeliveryTa= leOfTwoSOCs" target=3D"_blank" title=3D"anonymous survey" rel=3D"noopener">= anonymous survey</a>. We appreciate your feedback.</p>
<p>This product is provided subject to this <span><span style=3D"color: #46= 7886;"><a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/notification" target=3D"_blank" titl= e=3D"Notification" rel=3D"noopener">Notification</a></span></span> and this=
<span><span style=3D"color: #467886;"><a href=3D"https://www.cisa.gov/priv= acy-policy" target=3D"_blank" title=3D"Privacy &amp; Use" rel=3D"noopener">= Privacy &amp; Use</a></span></span> policy.<span style=3D"font-size: 11.0pt= ;"></span></p>
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