• "Years and upwards"?

    From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Thu Sep 25 11:30:04 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Fair enough if either age is filled in with "Twenty-one" - that's just a
    way of saying the person is of legal age to marry without consent of a
    parent or guardian. But I've seen it filled in with higher ages, such as Twenty-three, which then makes the "and upwards" look puzzling.

    If an age higher than 21 is entered, can one be sure that that is the
    age of the person named, i. e. that the "and upwards" can be ignored?
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    "Mary Poppins is a junkie" - bumper sticker on Julie Andrews' car in the
    '60s

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Jenny M Benson@NemoNews@hotmail.co.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Thu Sep 25 12:47:25 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?
    --
    Jenny M Benson
    Wrexham, UK
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Thu Sep 25 16:10:12 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g.
    Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of
    his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    gazing at someone in distress is prurient and rude.
    - Alison Graham, RT 2015/6/20-26
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Fri Sep 26 21:01:10 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g.
    Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of
    his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or
    no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case
    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which
    qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to
    e.g. "of x years or and less than y years" or similar.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Fri Sep 26 21:41:47 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 21:01:10 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't >>true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or
    no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case
    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which >qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to
    e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sat Sep 27 00:03:54 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/26 21:41:47, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 21:01:10 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>> his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>> majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or
    no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case

    no more than? A _maximum_ age? First I've heard of that, at least in the context of marriage.


    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which
    qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to
    e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.

    (I have indeed seen a minor mentioned; that form had hand-annotated that
    the father was also present, and approved.) But the words "Years and
    upwards" are preprinted on the form, with no space for "and less than".
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Women who aspire to be equal to men, lack ambition - Marilyn Monroe
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to soc.genealogy.britain on Sat Sep 27 06:37:45 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g.
    Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of
    his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.
    --
    Steve Hayes
    Web: http://hayesgreene.wordpress.com/
    http://hayesgreene.blogspot.com
    http://groups.yahoo.com/group/afgen/

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sat Sep 27 09:36:16 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/27 5:37:45, Steve Hayes wrote:
    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of
    his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of
    majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.


    I could say that if it was being filled in where someone didn't know,
    they would almost certainly be accompanied by someone who knew to put
    that [in fact the form is worded to imply it isn't filled in by the
    applicant anyway, but by the official]. I suppose having it preprinted
    saved the official a little thought/reminds them they _can't_ just put
    unknown, though.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()AL-IS-Ch++(p)Ar@T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    No sense being pessimistic. It wouldn't work anyway.
    - Penny Mayes, UMRA, 2014-August
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Peter Johnson@peter@parksidewood.nospam to soc.genealogy.britain on Sat Sep 27 15:26:39 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 06:37:45 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't >>true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or
    birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 01:10:26 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:03:54 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/26 21:41:47, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 21:01:10 +0100, Charles Ellson
    <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They >>>>>> aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>>> his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>>> majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't
    true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or
    no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case

    no more than? A _maximum_ age? First I've heard of that, at least in the >context of marriage.

    Until 1929 in England and Wales, to marry you had to be 14 or more if
    male, 12 or more if female. For parents to be able to stick their oar
    in you had to be no more than 21. Until both of the couple were 21 or
    more there were other parties involved in the marriage who weren't all
    counting in the same direction IYSWIM.

    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which
    qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to
    e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.

    (I have indeed seen a minor mentioned; that form had hand-annotated that
    the father was also present, and approved.) But the words "Years and
    upwards" are preprinted on the form, with no space for "and less than".

    The pre-GRO paperwork did not have every possible description featured
    in the printing and was not all exactly the same unlike the legislated
    formats for current registrations.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 01:17:56 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 06:37:45 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They
    aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>>his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>>majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't >>>true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or
    birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    There was more emphasis on the baptism date with some never knowing
    their actual birthday. Before 1837 there were no birth registrations
    required in England and Wales with birth dates tending only to be
    recorded in non-conformist registers.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 07:06:42 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or
    birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    Yu just have to look at census records for that. Children's ages given
    at censuses often do not tally with their date of birth, if known, nor
    with their age at the next or previous census.

    The clerk filling in (up, out) the form (whether in holy orders or
    not) might simply go by appearance, and would be saying that the
    person was over 21. But if they looked 50, it would be silly to say
    they were "21 and upwards" so they would write "50 and upwards".
    --
    Steve Hayes
    Web: http://hayesgreene.wordpress.com/
    http://hayesgreene.blogspot.com
    http://groups.yahoo.com/group/afgen/

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 07:41:00 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/28 1:10:26, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:03:54 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/26 21:41:47, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 21:01:10 +0100, Charles Ellson
    <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text: >>>>>>>
    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>>>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They >>>>>>> aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>>>> his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>>>> majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't >>>>> true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or
    no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case

    no more than? A _maximum_ age? First I've heard of that, at least in the
    context of marriage.

    Until 1929 in England and Wales, to marry you had to be 14 or more if
    male, 12 or more if female. For parents to be able to stick their oar
    in you had to be no more than 21. Until both of the couple were 21 or
    more there were other parties involved in the marriage who weren't all

    I was aware of those limits; I was quite surprised when I first
    discovered that it wasn't raised from 14/12 until as recently as 1929.
    Although in my own tree I've found very few - none I think - under 16,
    and only a handful 16 or 17 (I'd expected more).

    counting in the same direction IYSWIM.

    I don't SWYM.

    I was puzzled by charlesellson's use of the words "no more than",
    implying that there was something for which a _maximum_ age existed; I
    was (and still am) unaware of any maxima, at least relating to marriage.
    (Very few altogether, even now: sometimes maxima for working age,
    especially in the military, and I think there's a maximum age for
    _compulsory_ jury service - and others where extra action has to be
    _taken_ to continue, such as in UK driving licences have to be _renewed_
    every 3 years from 70.)


    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which
    qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to
    e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.

    (I have indeed seen a minor mentioned; that form had hand-annotated that
    the father was also present, and approved.) But the words "Years and
    upwards" are preprinted on the form, with no space for "and less than".

    The pre-GRO paperwork did not have every possible description featured
    in the printing and was not all exactly the same unlike the legislated formats for current registrations.
    Yes, but the "and upwards" form (which sounds odd in today's English -
    I'd expect "or above" or "or more" after, or "at least" before) form
    seems to have been common on printed forms.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    Eddie [Waring] underook elocution lessons in Leeds. After four weeks he
    was asked to leave - all members in his class had begun to speak like him. Stuart Hall, RT 7-13 August 2010
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 08:18:51 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:41:00 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/28 1:10:26, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 00:03:54 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/26 21:41:47, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Fri, 26 Sep 2025 21:01:10 +0100, Charles Ellson
    <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Thu, 25 Sep 2025 16:10:12 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    On 2025/9/25 12:47:25, Jenny M Benson wrote:
    On 25/09/2025 11:30, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    The preprinted forms for marriage bonds and allegations have this text:

    .. made oath as follows (to wit) That he is of the age of [ ] Years and
    upwards, and a [ ] and intends to marry [ ] of the Parish of [ ] in the
    County of [ ] and Diocese of [ ] aged [ ] Years and upwards ...

    (or variations thereon). [The second box might be filled in with e. g. >>>>>>>> Bachelor, Widower; the long one with name of diocese Spinster. They >>>>>>>> aren't really boxes, just gaps.]


    Can anyone explain the "Years and upwards" wording?

    Isn't is just another way of saying "at least n years old"?

    Yes, but why say "at least 23" (for example)? If the person is unsure of >>>>>> his (or her) age, and just wants to swear he (or she) is over the age of >>>>>> majority, say 21 (and I've seen enough who do say that when it isn't >>>>>> true!), but if he knows, why the "and upwards"?

    The simple description of "x years" only applies for one year. The
    general legal requirements concerning age deal with being at least or >>>>> no more than x years old thus the verbose wording which in this case

    no more than? A _maximum_ age? First I've heard of that, at least in the >>> context of marriage.

    Until 1929 in England and Wales, to marry you had to be 14 or more if
    male, 12 or more if female. For parents to be able to stick their oar
    in you had to be no more than 21. Until both of the couple were 21 or
    more there were other parties involved in the marriage who weren't all

    I was aware of those limits; I was quite surprised when I first
    discovered that it wasn't raised from 14/12 until as recently as 1929. >Although in my own tree I've found very few - none I think - under 16,
    and only a handful 16 or 17 (I'd expected more).

    I have found a couple of 15s in England and Wales but only recorded as
    minors. Mo brides under 15 so far.

    counting in the same direction IYSWIM.

    I don't SWYM.

    I was puzzled by charlesellson's use of the words "no more than",
    implying that there was something for which a _maximum_ age existed; I
    was (and still am) unaware of any maxima, at least relating to marriage.

    21 yeara minus a day was the maximum age at which you were liable to
    have your marital plans spoiled by an objecting parent or guardian.
    Before you got to the stage of registering the marriage there were
    preceding documented hurdles to be overcome such as banns, marriade
    bonds and licences (and also not being dragged home by Dad and/or his servants).

    (Very few altogether, even now: sometimes maxima for working age,
    especially in the military, and I think there's a maximum age for >_compulsory_ jury service - and others where extra action has to be
    _taken_ to continue, such as in UK driving licences have to be _renewed_ >every 3 years from 70.)

    Your age can also affect what vehicles you are allowed to drive. You
    have to be no more than 70 to drive heavier vehicles (mainly C1 for
    this example) without proof of fitness if you were previously entitled
    to drive them without proof of fitness. Otherwise the main limits will
    be the minima.


    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which >>>>> qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to >>>>> e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.

    (I have indeed seen a minor mentioned; that form had hand-annotated that >>> the father was also present, and approved.) But the words "Years and
    upwards" are preprinted on the form, with no space for "and less than".

    The pre-GRO paperwork did not have every possible description featured
    in the printing and was not all exactly the same unlike the legislated
    formats for current registrations.
    Yes, but the "and upwards" form (which sounds odd in today's English -
    I'd expect "or above" or "or more" after, or "at least" before) form
    seems to have been common on printed forms.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 08:36:29 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:06:42 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed >>>there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or >>birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    Yu just have to look at census records for that. Children's ages given
    at censuses often do not tally with their date of birth, if known, nor
    with their age at the next or previous census.

    The clerk filling in (up, out) the form (whether in holy orders or
    not) might simply go by appearance, and would be saying that the
    person was over 21. But if they looked 50, it would be silly to say
    they were "21 and upwards" so they would write "50 and upwards".

    If you are legally required to record the fact that somebody is over x
    years then that is what you record (in previous years with the simple
    word "full" for their age) to avoid later legal confusion or argument
    over what was being recorded or the purpose for which it was being
    recorded.

    I have encountered the occasional "over 21" but never "over <anything
    else>" for an adult.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 09:10:47 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/28 1:17:56, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 06:37:45 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    []


    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or
    birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    There was more emphasis on the baptism date with some never knowing
    their actual birthday. Before 1837 there were no birth registrations
    required in England and Wales with birth dates tending only to be
    recorded in non-conformist registers.

    Yes, it's such a pleasure - rare in my own tree - when I come to look at
    any non-Anglican record; they tend to include so much more information,
    such as as you say birth as well as baptism date, but also often details
    of the bride/mother's family (in one case, to about two generations!).

    One of the things that infuriates me is that many assume the baptism
    date _is_ the birth date. Yes, of course, if it's all you've got
    (usually the case for Anglicans before 1837-July), then you _have_ to
    use it - but any genealogy software worth it's salt will have a way of indicating that it's the baptism, rather than birth, date that's being
    used (such as prefixing it with "bp."). And again any recording system
    will have provision for recording both the birth and baptism dates. It's
    not just individuals - _all_ the major companies/organisations (e. g.
    Ancestry, FindMyPast, familysearch) [or, to be fair, the sources from
    which they get their data] often _fill in_ the baptism date, or at least
    year, into the birth year box, despite there being _no_ evidence that it
    is so.

    Sure, birth _usually_ _is_ not long before baptism (though if the latter
    is just after the year boundary, can be the previous year), but by no
    means always: I have examples in my tree where: the children were
    baptised on moving to a new area (perhaps one where it was considered
    more important); and/or, several children (of different ages, obviously)
    were baptised on the same day (maybe to save money? Or time off work if
    the nearest facility wasn't in the same village? Remember that time to
    take an infant to the next village - on foot or slow cart - would
    involve some hours out of the working day of an ag. worker and family,
    plus the convenience of the vicar). And I'm sure there were many other
    reasons for baptism to be well after birth - days or weeks, anyway,
    though years less common.

    Place, as well: this is even more likely (not likely overall, but ...)
    to be different to the birth place; until sometime in the 20th century,
    most births were in the home, whereas obviously many
    baptisms/christenings were in a church, not always in the same village.

    The same applies to burials/deaths. Obviously, before refrigeration, the
    _date_ is likely to be closer (though rarely the same day, and could be
    a different year), and again the place is often different: deaths, at
    least when from disease, tended to be at home (or in some health
    facility), burials elsewhere (e. g. with spouse).

    Quite _why_ transcribers do this, I'm not sure: perhaps they think they
    are being helpful by filling in an otherwise unknown birth/death
    date/place. But I'd rather make that decision myself, thank you!

    They even often add the name of the church (usually a saint's name). I
    don't _really_ think many - any, really - of my ancestors were born in a church! (Or died there!)
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    ... "from a person I admire, respect, and deeply love." "Who was that
    then?" "Me." (Zaphod Beeblebrox in the Link episode.)
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 09:23:32 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/28 8:36:29, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:06:42 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed
    there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    If by "it" you mean the words "and upwards", it certainly adds no
    information: what it does is add _doubt_, or _take away_ certainty,
    about the age in question.


    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or
    birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    Indeed.


    Yu just have to look at census records for that. Children's ages given
    at censuses often do not tally with their date of birth, if known, nor
    with their age at the next or previous census.

    Yes. With hindsight, it would have been better - certainly in more
    recent decades/centuries when perhaps such things had been better known
    - to ask for year of birth rather than age (as in fact was done in the
    1939 register [and has it been in censuses since?]).


    The clerk filling in (up, out) the form (whether in holy orders or
    not) might simply go by appearance, and would be saying that the
    person was over 21. But if they looked 50, it would be silly to say
    they were "21 and upwards" so they would write "50 and upwards".

    True. Plus, I'm guessing, since those words were preprinted on the form
    anyway (bond forms I mean, mostly), even if the age was known exactly
    (well, to the nearest completed year which is all we're talking about),
    I guess only the most conscientious clerk would think to _cross out_ the
    "an upwards" words - and some may have thought they weren't supposed to
    do anything like that.>>
    If you are legally required to record the fact that somebody is over x
    years then that is what you record (in previous years with the simple
    word "full" for their age) to avoid later legal confusion or argument
    over what was being recorded or the purpose for which it was being
    recorded.

    Yes, on marriage certificates (where the "and upwards" _isn't_
    preprinted), that is often used. (IME, usually, when I see "of full age"
    or similar, I usually assume that they actually weren't, and check other sources - and I'm often right! I. e. they were lying about being old
    enough.)>
    I have encountered the occasional "over 21" but never "over <anything
    else>" for an adult.
    Not in (for example) marriage certificates, no. But in marriage bonds,
    where the "and upwards" is preprinted, I've often seen what I guess is
    the actual age (a number above 21) entered, but the words not crossed out.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    The smallest minority on earth is the individual. Those who deny
    individual rights cannot claim to be defenders of minorities.
    - Ayn Rand, quoted by Deb Shinder 2012-3-30
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 09:29:18 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/28 8:18:51, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:41:00 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:

    []


    I was puzzled by charlesellson's use of the words "no more than",
    implying that there was something for which a _maximum_ age existed; I
    was (and still am) unaware of any maxima, at least relating to marriage.

    21 yeara minus a day was the maximum age at which you were liable to
    have your marital plans spoiled by an objecting parent or guardian.
    Before you got to the stage of registering the marriage there were
    preceding documented hurdles to be overcome such as banns, marriade
    bonds and licences (and also not being dragged home by Dad and/or his servants).

    OK, 21 years less a day _is_ a maximum - but really, that's another way
    of saying 21 is a minimum! (Though I imagine the dragging home -
    especially for females - occurred at well over that age!)


    (Very few altogether, even now: sometimes maxima for working age,
    especially in the military, and I think there's a maximum age for
    _compulsory_ jury service - and others where extra action has to be
    _taken_ to continue, such as in UK driving licences have to be _renewed_
    every 3 years from 70.)

    Your age can also affect what vehicles you are allowed to drive. You
    have to be no more than 70 to drive heavier vehicles (mainly C1 for
    this example) without proof of fitness if you were previously entitled
    to drive them without proof of fitness. Otherwise the main limits will
    be the minima.

    Ah, I didn't know about that one, but it sounds sensible. (At least,
    _some_ check sounds sensible, and age is probably a _practical_ one to use.)


    dealt with a person who had reached their twenty-first birhday which >>>>>> qualified them to marry without general hindrance from that day
    onward. The form would also have allowed the age of a minor to be
    entered; in some cases (not limited to marriage) that could expand to >>>>>> e.g. "of x years or and less than y years"

    "of x years and less than y years"

    or similar.

    (I have indeed seen a minor mentioned; that form had hand-annotated that >>>> the father was also present, and approved.) But the words "Years and
    upwards" are preprinted on the form, with no space for "and less than". >>>>
    The pre-GRO paperwork did not have every possible description featured
    in the printing and was not all exactly the same unlike the legislated
    formats for current registrations.
    Yes, but the "and upwards" form (which sounds odd in today's English -
    I'd expect "or above" or "or more" after, or "at least" before) form
    seems to have been common on printed forms.
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    The smallest minority on earth is the individual. Those who deny
    individual rights cannot claim to be defenders of minorities.
    - Ayn Rand, quoted by Deb Shinder 2012-3-30
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Peter Johnson@peter@parksidewood.nospam to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 18:25:12 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 01:17:56 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:



    There was more emphasis on the baptism date with some never knowing
    their actual birthday. Before 1837 there were no birth registrations
    required in England and Wales with birth dates tending only to be
    recorded in non-conformist registers.

    I've seen baptism that were several years after birth.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Sun Sep 28 20:07:44 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/9/28 18:25:12, Peter Johnson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 01:17:56 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:



    There was more emphasis on the baptism date with some never knowing
    their actual birthday. Before 1837 there were no birth registrations
    required in England and Wales with birth dates tending only to be
    recorded in non-conformist registers.

    I've seen baptism that were several years after birth.

    Oh, definitely; I've got some who weren't baptised until they moved to a different area (Norfolk to Northumberland); some people (none of mine so
    far) who weren't religious, got baptised just before marriage; some even
    had deathbed conversions.

    All of which supports my forlorn wish that transcribers wouldn't fill in
    the baptism year (and place) as the birth one(s)!
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf

    That's how he [Dr. Who] seems to me. He's always been someone who gets
    the /Guardian/. There are some parts of the universe where it's harder
    to get hold of.
    - Peter Capaldi (current incumbent Doctor), RT 2016/11/26-12/2
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to soc.genealogy.britain on Mon Sep 29 03:43:43 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 08:18:51 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:41:00 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver"
    <G6JPG@255soft.uk> wrote:
    I was aware of those limits; I was quite surprised when I first
    discovered that it wasn't raised from 14/12 until as recently as 1929. >>Although in my own tree I've found very few - none I think - under 16,
    and only a handful 16 or 17 (I'd expected more).

    I have found a couple of 15s in England and Wales but only recorded as >minors. Mo brides under 15 so far.

    My wife's great great grandmother, Mary MORTON, was married at the age
    of 13 in St Botolph's, Colchester. She and two of her sisters were
    married at the same ceremony to German soldiers, and they all
    immediately emigrated to what was then called British Kaffraria. We've sometimes wondered how they managed to communicate with each other.

    Family History System 29 Sep 2025
    Merged Group Reports

    NAME: MORTON, George, Born 24 Feb 1806 in Colchester, Essex, ENG,
    Died Jun 1880 in Colchester, ESS, ENG at age 74; FATHER:
    MORTON, George, Born 21 Dec 1788, Died 20 Jun 1859 at age 70;
    MOTHER: SPENCER, Alice, Born ??? 1783, Died 7 Aug 1844 at age
    61; Gardener of St Botolph's, Colchester, Essex, at time of
    daughter's marriage. Said by great granddaughter Lilian Mary
    Cathcart born Decker to have had a relation "Lady Mount" who
    was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Victoria.

    MARRIED, to NEVARD, Elizabeth, Born ??? 1806 in Boxted, Essex,
    England, Died ???; FATHER: NEVARD, Arthur; MOTHER: CASON,
    Elizabeth

    CHILDREN:
    1. F MORTON, Elizabeth Mount, born ??? 1826 in Colchester, ESS,
    ENG, died 12 Jul 1906 in King William's Town; Married 31
    Oct 1856 to HOFFMANN, Johann Wilhelm; 1 child
    2. F MORTON, Rebecca, born ??? 1828 in Essex, England, died
    Nov 1845 in Colchester, ESS, ENG
    3. M MORTON, George Frederick, born 14 Oct 1830 in Colchester,
    Essex, ENG, died 5 May 1877 in Lambeth, SRY, ENG; Married
    May 1856 to GALL, Esther Leggett; 9 children
    4. F MORTON, Esther Alice, born 11 May 1833 in Colchester, ESS,
    ENG, died Sep 1866 in Colchester, ESS, ENG; Married Dec
    1857 to THAYER, George Henry; 2 children
    5. F MORTON, Alice, born ??? 1837 in Colchester, ESS, ENG,
    died Aug 1917 in Tendring, ESS, ENG; Married ??? 1854 to
    SMITH, Samuel S.; 8 children
    6. F MORTON, Emma, born ??? 1841 in Colchester, Essex, ENG,
    died ???; Married 31 Oct 1856 to CASDORFF, George David
    Julius
    7. F MORTON, Mary Nevard, born May 1843? in Colchester, Essex,
    died 11 Aug 1918 in Overport, Durban; Married ??? 1870 to
    BURGERSHEIM, Ernst; 1 child
    8. M MORTON, Thomas William, born Feb 1848 in Colchester,
    Essex, ENG, died ???
    9. F MORTON, Catherine Amelia, born ??? 1850 in Colchester,
    Essex, ENG, died Feb 1907 in Colchester, ESS, ENG;
    Married Nov 1871 to TOPSFIELD, John William

    * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

    NAME: MORTON, Mary Nevard, Born May 1843? in Colchester, Essex,
    Died 11 Aug 1918 in Overport, Durban at age 75; FATHER: MORTON,
    George, Born 24 Feb 1806, Died Jun 1880 at age 74; MOTHER:
    NEVARD, Elizabeth, Born ??? 1806, Died ???; Kept the Bungalow
    Hotel at Butterworth, and later stayed at the Waverley Hotel,
    between Tarkastad and Queenstown. She brought up some of her
    grandchildren after the death of her son.

    MARRIED ??? 1870 in King William's Town, to BURGERSHEIM, Ernst,
    Born ??? 1837? in Stralsund, Prussia, Died 10 Jun 1881 in
    Tylden, Cape Colony at age 44

    MARRIED 31 Oct 1856 in Colchester, Essex, ENG, to DECKER,
    Friedrich August, Born 25 Apr 1835 in Auerstedt, Prussia, Died
    8 Mar 1868 in King William's Town at age 32; FATHER: DECKER,
    Karl August, Born 1 Jun 1800, Died 19 Apr 1866 at age 65;
    MOTHER: KRIEGER, Anna Luise, Born 11 May 1803, Died 3 Jun 1848
    at age 45; Married in the parish Church, parish of St Botolph,
    Colchester. Witnesses: George Morton, Jun. and George White. Bo
    th minors at time of marriage.; Joined the British German
    Legion during the Crimean War. Staying at Colchester Camp at
    the time of his marriage. Died at Mr S. Guessendorf's house in
    King William's Town; no property, buried by public
    subscription. Death notice 9462/73 Cape Town.

    CHILDREN:
    1. M DECKER, Edwin Robert Morton, born 29 Aug 1861 in King
    William's Town, died 20 Mar 1908 in Cofimvaba; Married to
    FALKENBERG, Justine Marie Louise; 9 children
    --
    Steve Hayes
    Web: http://hayesgreene.wordpress.com/
    http://hayesgreene.blogspot.com
    http://groups.yahoo.com/group/afgen/

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Wed Oct 1 01:26:32 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 18:25:12 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 01:17:56 +0100, Charles Ellson ><charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:



    There was more emphasis on the baptism date with some never knowing
    their actual birthday. Before 1837 there were no birth registrations >>required in England and Wales with birth dates tending only to be
    recorded in non-conformist registers.

    I've seen baptism that were several years after birth.

    Yes, that tended to get the birth date mentioned. Not always as is
    evident when the children have been batched up and oviously weren't a
    recent multiple birth. Marriage was also sometimes a trigger for
    getting baptised.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From J. P. Gilliver@G6JPG@255soft.uk to soc.genealogy.britain on Wed Oct 1 08:56:17 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 2025/10/1 1:26:32, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 18:25:12 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    []

    I've seen baptism that were several years after birth.

    Yes, that tended to get the birth date mentioned. Not always as is

    Sometimes only the year, presumably because nobody could remember the date.

    evident when the children have been batched up and oviously weren't a

    Yes, I've got at least one of those (I think it was after moving from
    Norfolk to Northumberland).

    recent multiple birth. Marriage was also sometimes a trigger for
    getting baptised.

    Indeed. (Possibly because the vicar wouldn't marry them otherwise - or
    even couldn't?)
    --
    J. P. Gilliver. UMRA: 1960/<1985 MB++G()ALIS-Ch++(p)Ar++T+H+Sh0!:`)DNAf
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Charles Ellson@charlesellson@btinternet.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Thu Oct 2 17:23:55 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Wed, 1 Oct 2025 08:56:17 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver" <G6JPG@255soft.uk>
    wrote:

    On 2025/10/1 1:26:32, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 18:25:12 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    []

    I've seen baptism that were several years after birth.

    Yes, that tended to get the birth date mentioned. Not always as is

    Sometimes only the year, presumably because nobody could remember the date.

    evident when the children have been batched up and oviously weren't a

    Yes, I've got at least one of those (I think it was after moving from
    Norfolk to Northumberland).

    recent multiple birth. Marriage was also sometimes a trigger for
    getting baptised.

    Indeed. (Possibly because the vicar wouldn't marry them otherwise - or
    even couldn't?)

    IMU he had no choice but to marry them if they were parishioners but
    that didn't stop some making up their own rules as still seems to
    happen.
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  • From Steve Hayes@hayesstw@telkomsa.net to soc.genealogy.britain on Fri Oct 3 04:48:54 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On Thu, 02 Oct 2025 17:23:55 +0100, Charles Ellson <charlesellson@btinternet.com> wrote:

    On Wed, 1 Oct 2025 08:56:17 +0100, "J. P. Gilliver" <G6JPG@255soft.uk>
    wrote:

    Indeed. (Possibly because the vicar wouldn't marry them otherwise - or
    even couldn't?)

    IMU he had no choice but to marry them if they were parishioners but
    that didn't stop some making up their own rules as still seems to
    happen.

    One would have to check Church of England Canon Law at the relevant
    period, but as far as I can recall it does not allow the marriage of
    unbaptised persons, which is one of the reasons why people like Jews
    and Quakers made their own arrangements, and secular marriage
    ceremonies were introduced.

    .
    --
    Steve Hayes
    Web: http://hayesgreene.wordpress.com/
    http://hayesgreene.blogspot.com
    http://groups.yahoo.com/group/afgen/

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  • From Sam Plusnet@not@home.com to soc.genealogy.britain on Sat Oct 4 15:37:53 2025
    From Newsgroup: soc.genealogy.britain

    On 28/09/2025 09:23, J. P. Gilliver wrote:
    On 2025/9/28 8:36:29, Charles Ellson wrote:
    On Sun, 28 Sep 2025 07:06:42 +0200, Steve Hayes
    <hayesstw@telkomsa.net> wrote:

    On Sat, 27 Sep 2025 15:26:39 +0100, Peter Johnson
    <peter@parksidewood.nospam> wrote:

    The "and upwards" is for those who are unsure. If it weren't printed >>>>> there, and there was simply a blank to be filled in with the actual
    age, "don't know" or "unknown" or "not sure" would not satisfy the
    legal requirements. If the actual age is known, then it adds nothing.

    If by "it" you mean the words "and upwards", it certainly adds no information: what it does is add _doubt_, or _take away_ certainty,
    about the age in question.


    Yes. A lot of people would never have seen their birth certificate, or >>>> birth register entry, and would have been dependent on what they were
    told by parents or guardians. And they might not have always been
    right.

    Indeed.


    Yu just have to look at census records for that. Children's ages given
    at censuses often do not tally with their date of birth, if known, nor
    with their age at the next or previous census.

    Yes. With hindsight, it would have been better - certainly in more
    recent decades/centuries when perhaps such things had been better known
    - to ask for year of birth rather than age (as in fact was done in the
    1939 register [and has it been in censuses since?]).


    The clerk filling in (up, out) the form (whether in holy orders or
    not) might simply go by appearance, and would be saying that the
    person was over 21. But if they looked 50, it would be silly to say
    they were "21 and upwards" so they would write "50 and upwards".

    True. Plus, I'm guessing, since those words were preprinted on the form anyway (bond forms I mean, mostly), even if the age was known exactly
    (well, to the nearest completed year which is all we're talking about),
    I guess only the most conscientious clerk would think to _cross out_ the
    "an upwards" words - and some may have thought they weren't supposed to
    do anything like that.>>
    If you are legally required to record the fact that somebody is over x
    years then that is what you record (in previous years with the simple
    word "full" for their age) to avoid later legal confusion or argument
    over what was being recorded or the purpose for which it was being
    recorded.

    Yes, on marriage certificates (where the "and upwards" _isn't_
    preprinted), that is often used. (IME, usually, when I see "of full age"
    or similar, I usually assume that they actually weren't, and check other sources - and I'm often right! I. e. they were lying about being old enough.)>
    I have encountered the occasional "over 21" but never "over <anything
    else>" for an adult.
    Not in (for example) marriage certificates, no. But in marriage bonds,
    where the "and upwards" is preprinted, I've often seen what I guess is
    the actual age (a number above 21) entered, but the words not crossed out.

    I don't know if it was common, but in fiction there were cases where a document would be 'overturned' on the grounds that one of the details on
    the document was incorrect.

    Recording an age as "x and upwards" would be one way of making such manipulation more difficult.
    --
    Sam Plusnet
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