From Newsgroup: soc.culture.china


t+Aoc+oL?oA#oiAE+Uo-|uuNE+!oc+rCLE|iueyuucE+|E++uYa*<|rCYN+UE+|E+ooA#u|+oL#E+iE+i*o2*oaE+|uL-o<UN+f
Sep 19, 2025 rCo t2>E+ao-A*<#*Ca *<+E+>o|o oAa*c-oA#oiu t+Aoc+oL?oA#oiAE+Ut+o*oUo-|uuNE+!oc+E|iueyuucE+|E++uYa*<|N+iocito|oA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<UpCe*+OoL|o+|t+!*+a80o||tUau|oo+iE+AonuE|nE|iE|eN+iE+|E+ooL?u!noe+oaio|aoicu+-N+f
1943o||11uLe25uuNN+iofaoAeo+Ct+uN+it44E|iu4iE+utoionoueyuLfou|N+iN+eo+a)E+!oiAu#aoc+oc+u#auo+o|LE++o+!*AiE+itf|pCU(E+!)t+Aoc+uC+t+ft+uuu>taApCU(oA|)*i#oc+oautc+oe#oEeo#ooa#oEioAeE+AE+U*<<pCeoc+N+UPictures From History/Universal Images Group via Getty Images
E+!oc+uu|oYo*+auLfonUu4io+oto?pCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCioAepCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCit!euucE+|N+iE+LE+|oa|o>|oA#u|+uiNuLeE++uYatUaoAaoA#E+Au|oo+iE+Yui<pCeE+a9uLe13uuNN+it+Aoc+oL?oA#oiAE+UN+eAITN+eoL?ocRonioA#u|+E+!on<tn+ufN*>ouu|tc|uicoiuE|4tUa*>|u|orCLo<ioa?ooO*>>rCYN+io||o+|*#apCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCioAepCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCit!eE|iueyuu|uLftUauucE+|rCLE+AuL-oa|o<UoA#u|+tUauLCt+euo+u#+oL#E+irCYpCeu!nE++o+ooAaE+!oc+onuE|noa?o+|taeE+iu+iN+iE|foL?oA#u|+uo+oYcE+Ao-AE+oo+ooAao|+u|c*<?*<|pCe
u!noeiN+iE+!oc+onuE|no<yoayo+|*#aN+iE|iueyuLfou|tUapCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCioAipCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCiuyAti<*aUu#euuNuL4o+A*+yoA#u|+N+iE+LE+|oa|E++uYaE+Yui<N+io||to#*+Ouy>rCLueyoEAoc+oOato-o|ArCYtUaE+Coa?oeaN+i*Ci*<nE+|pCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiocaE+|uL-oeC*>+E+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+oAeE+AN+io#RE|ArCLoYRu|opCUuuauoerCYN+iE+i*a+uRaueEoA#u|+E++uYaou<ooytUau|oo+iE+Yui<pCeAIToeO*i?tn|N+iE+!oc+uo+o|LuouuA!*+OE|crCL*OUoUctUau|oo+ioAOE|irCYN+iuy>oa|uc|o|+u|ctUauo+u#+*iioe?E|iE+CN+iuaAoc+oL?oc+oOaE+eo!nt2ioA#u|+N+io||oOEoe|oa|E+uoc+o<|E+AoA#u|+E|Aoe?tUaE++uYaoCeui-pCeAIToAa*?CE||o||uyAti<uic*|uE+!oc+rCLuLeuaAu!-uc#rCYpCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCipCUpCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCioAepCeuuoocao##oAit|apCit!eE|iueyuu|uLfuucE+|N+ioCfE+Nuo>uiUoa|o>|oA#u|+tUaE++uYaE++o+aoAio>|oA#uu+oAipCe
oL?AIToAa*i?ou#uyAoEAN+ioA#u|+pCe*UooEeueNpCioAaE+ioEat+Aoc+oc+oeioOou#e*>UN+io||*A+oc+oeioOo*+aoCf*i?tn|uo>uiUN+iti<*<nAITtUa*?C*<|rCLocati<oL#E+a*++E|at+Aoc+tUat2ioL|rCYpCeoc+oeioOooAa*?CE||ocito|N+it+Aoc+o#auiUt+!uo>uiUoA#u|+o|oo>|uYN*c-E+!oc+tUaoacE|ipCUt+Au|ApCUu|oo+ioAeonuE|noAioecpCeoiAtccoi+E+Aoc+oOaE+OE+|oYUo<Uuo>uiUoA#u|+tUaoAio||E+At?|o<UN+io||oAio>|E++E+oE+Cuu|oiouu|oYoE+Nu!aoecueu*aU*+2uu|o+Auo|oAytA#te|pCe
u!nonuN+ioL?AIToUUoc|oA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|tUa*i?*+#oEAN+ionUoEioeiAITo<yoayE|fo>|u!nE+Loc|*i?uCUpCeoeiAITE++o+!oiLtY+oo#N+eRichard BushN+eoAioeioe>onaoo+tAiuOoo#+N+eRobert WangN+eoeaoe2oEao-AE+o*>Uo<RN+it+Aoc+tUaE+C*|>t2ioL|o##uy>oA#u|+tUauo+u#+oL#E+io||uL-to#E++E+oE|iueyoEAtUauucE+|ueCoa|o<UN+io||uLfuLcu!n*<<ooy*a+E+NoAio||uu|o+A*ouoa|pCeE+uE+4te|oe2uAEoe#N+it+Aoc+tUapCeoA#u|+oa|t|+u|opCiN+eTRAN+euy>u!nt2ioL|tUaof|tiCN+i*>Nu|ouie*i?uyAt+Aoc+E+AE+!oc+o+|E|ntUaoeiuAEuy>rCLoA#u|+tUauL-uYNo#aE+NoAio||uu|o+Aoa|o<UrCYpCeoiLtY+oo#o||to#N+i*+Ouy>E+uoauu4itLioe#AIToaeu!noa+E+otUauA-*+RpCe
E+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+oEauYNoYUoa|oAio>|o>|E|ArCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYpCeoiuE|4E++o+aN+iof|E|ApCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCiE+ApCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCiN+ioA#u|+oL?E|iueyoEAo+#rCLo+A*+yrCYo+ouu|E+u*i?E+!oc+tUaE+!oiAu#aoc+N+i*CiE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+E+LE+|E+!oiAu#aoc+tUat+oue+*CaN+itEao|ouiNuLeoA#u|+E++uYapCeE+arCLE+!oiAu#aoc+rCYoe#o|ouLeu#iuLeuiNuLe*+coA#u|+N+i*+yuy>oA-uy>E+CE+-u|UE|iuo+o|LueuoacE|ioiaooauo+o|LN+iE++ueEE+|E|au!noEAoA#u|+E++uYatUauLConoE|et2>pCe
oAaoA#uucE+|E|iE|eN+UoA#u|+ueyoEAu|oo+ioL#E+itUa*+4uey AIToAa*i?ou#uyAoEAN+io-4*i#E|Yof|ocaE+Uueo*iioo+*Eouu!o#ao>|uAEoc|ue|*>aN+i*<nE+|u!n*?C*<|rCLo#aoA#u|+t+<E|AoO-ooarCYN+io||*|?tuaua|ui<pCeE+!oiAu#aoc+o<-u|opCi*oao<UN+ioA#u|+E++uYao#RE|AE+!oiAu#aoc+pCeAITtUauu#*<|*+#*+YoAiE|at+Aoc+tUarCLoa!oi|E+Y*>UrCYN+ioiaui4rCLuL-uo|oAyo>|oA#u|+E++uYatUat2ioL|rCYpCe
oA#u|+onuE|noa?o+o*+#oa?oo+uRuE+|o+OoAa*?C*i?tn|N+itA#o<RE+eoA#u|+to#E+!oiAu#aoc+u#+uYaueCoAeN+iE+no#+E|AE+ioU|o#RpCeu!noeiN+iuRuE+|o+OE|AE+eo||7uLeoc|o+!rCLE+utoioc+oOau|oo!aE+UE+At+Aoc+oc+oOau|oo!aE+U2025o||E|Uon-taot-|*<|oYcrCYuu|N+ioauu4iE+NoA#u|+onuoo+*|2E++oa4o+CoyE*+#oA#u|+E++uYatUau|otEaof|tiCpCeE+uoL?o+Co|ou+o*>|E+!uyAti<uicoc|N+ioa+oc+oOau|ouoeoectUapCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiueiuy>oa|o<UoA#u|+E++uYao+Ao#RtUaoc+oOau|ouucE+|N+ioa|uoeoeco+#oAuE+upCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCioAepCeu|ooa|oYaoa4oaepCit!eueyuu|uo+u#+ou#uyAN+cuRuE+|o+Oo||o+|*#aN+i*>NoAit|auL-o#aoA#u|+to+E|nt+OE++E+ooc+o<|N+i*CiE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+E|fE+AuL-t+fu#+*+coA#u|+pCe
uRuE+|o+OE|fuicN+ioA#u|+*c-1980o||E+uuA?oe?u#aE++oiuN+io||oL?1996o||o<iueEoauu4iuC+t+ftc|oCeoEAN+iE+!oiAu#aoc+tUaE+!on<uo+o|LE+Au#auaAE+u*i?tUato#oA#u|+E||u#aoCeE++E|otofpCeonuE|noa?E|foL?16uuNtUa*<#*CaE+U*iNoaaN+i*+OE++o+uE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|LueEE+|oo>E+CuLeuoet+fu#+o||o>|onuE+u*i?oA#u|+tUaoEeu|ouo+o|LN+io||oAat+AE+eu4ioAio||tUauo+oaU*+<uc+o+-oc|u#aE++N+iti<t2iE|arCLE+!oiAu#aoc+oA#u|+rCYE+AE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+E|AE+ioU|o#RtUao<o*oetA#te|pCe
t+Aoc+oLuu#ntAcuu>onoo!aoc+oOataot-|*<#o|ouoOuAeoa+t|+E++E++oA|*CCoaao>|u!n*i?tn|N+it+Aoc+o>|oA#uo+t!uua+o+aE+|rCLE+CE+!uo+t!urCYN+iE|aoi|t+Aoc+*<nE+|E+utoiE+eoA-uLeE+CE+-E+!oc+N+io##uy>E+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+N+it+Aoc+E|a*ouN+eacknowledgeN+eE+!oc+o>|oA#u|+tUaE++uYao<uto#N+iE+aE+no#+tUaoeau!o*aUto#oAiuu|tUaE||u#aoCA*+coAio||tUauu|o+A*ouoa|pCeoA|*CCoaauicoc|N+it+Aoc+o>|oA#ua+o+auo+t!uo||uL-onatEaoA#u|+E++uYaou<ooyN+iE|fuL-uAEoAeoA#u|+E++uYauy>E+!oc+tUapCe
oc+u#aoaUoeOou#uyAN+ioA#u|+E++uYao+Ao#RE+!oiAu#aoc+u>2uuatuaE|eN+cuua*<|uy>E|iueyoEAuLfoAeueyoEAtUauucE+|N+ioiaui4pCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCipCUpCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCipCUpCeuuNuL4oOiE+AuucE|apCipCUpCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiN+iE|a*c|E|Auy>1952o||tUapCeE+!uuNoAit|apCit!eN+ioYco+#ti<*<no||E+Nu|oo+io<R*+|o#aoA#u|+pCUu+Au|uoAeoa|oOao#Ro#co#+N+eoiaui4oAoo#+oA#oeuo#+N+eo+A*+yE+!oiAu#aoc+pCe
2022o||1uLe25uuNN+it+Aoc+oeao+RN+iuo>uiU*Ca*UUocaoL?oaAo|uonuN+it!eo+aoA#u|+oe>uC+t+f*|uu+ao++oe#uYNpCeuaaN+URonyn Beck/Afp via Getty Images
oc+u#aoaU*i?tn|N+iE|iueyoEAuLfto#E+!oiAu#aoc+pCUt+Aoc+N+iE+NoAe*i#oc+E+eoc+ooa*ouE+U*#eoEAuifoa+E|io+Ct+uo<u*?C*oao<UN+irCLE++uuNuL4ueCt-aoAuE|AE+!oc+E|iooaoLfN+iE+ioaeE+LoiuocctLUpCUoA#u|+pCUu+Au|ut+no#ct!eN+io+A*+yE+!oiAu#aoc+rCYN+c*CioEAN+ito#E+!oiAu#aoc+pCUt+Aoc+pCU*i#oc+E+A*iA*Uooa#oEioAao+aE|iu|o*i?oYaoa4oaet44oa2uYiuc|ocito|N+irCLo+Ct+uo<u*?CE|iuYiE+|o+ao#ao<Ruu+rCYpCetc|*c|uuNuL4on-tUcoEatcfoact+fo+auuauYiE+|ueooOioEAN+it!+t+#E|iuuNuL4oOiE+AuucE|auc|uyAtO+o<utn|uANoAuu|o*i?oYaoa4oaeN+it!eE|AuANoAuo+Ct+uo<u*?CueCE+|E|iueyoEAto-o|Ao<euAApCe
E+LoE|onoo!auo+u#+o!at|+oe-tEauoOuAeoOeuu|oUao>|t2>E+ao-A*ouoceN+i*<+onUE||*<ntfNtUarCL1945o||oA#u|+oaeonipCUocRo+AE+!oiAu#aoc+rCYoa|o<Ruy>E+CE+-E+it4aoc+oOau|oE|io<RtUaoAaoA#*++uCYpCeE+u*>|uyAN+iE|iueyuLfou|tUapCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCiE+ApCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCiN+iuL4*|?E+eE+aE+|oEitcfoc+ooa*outUarCLuo+t!uo<utn|rCYuu#ou+t?+N+iE+ioa+oncooaoLfE++uYato+*+4tUau|oo+iuoeoecpCe
oOeuu|oUauicoc|N+itLfu!uonatEauuNuL4ueyoEAooaoLfo<euAAtUaoa|oo<oc+oOauYit|auy>pCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiN+i*>NoAit|aoA-*oao<UuuNuL4uo+o+ao>|oA#u|+pCUu+Au|utUaE++uYaN+ioi|oe+uaAuL-*?CuyAoa|o+Ao#RN+iE+u*<nE+|N+i*+Ou!uuy>t+Aoc+E+|oy#oa|oa#E|ooe+oecue-o+aN+io||ui>uoao+ouu|o+#oL?oaaueyE+!*|NoCCtUaE+!oiAu#aoc+N+iueCt#+o+a*<+*<itUarCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYpCe
oOeuu|oUa*<nE+|N+ioA#u|+tUaE++uYauy>oCA*+coaaoa?u+o*+cti<t2itUaN+i*c-1980o||E+uu#aE++oiu*+Eoe?N+i1996o||uC+t+ftc|oCeoEAN+iE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|LtUaoEeu|ouCoo<ioa?uYN*c-oA#u|+E||u#atUauAeuYaN+iu!noe+*|+N+ioA#u|+o+#o<R*|?E+eueEE+|E+CE+-E++uYati4t2itUaoc+o<|pCe
u#a*+coaUoeOo>|AITtUa*i?uCU*i?*++*e>o<Uo||o+|*#aoA#u|+E+AE+!oc+E|AE+ioU|o#RpCeu#a*+coaUtoyE|aoo+o+Eoc+oic*i?tn|N+iAITocito|pCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCipCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCipCeuuoocao##oAit|apCit!eE|iueyuucE+|rCLo||uL-oa|o<UoA#u|+uLCt+euo+u#+oL#E+irCYN+i*+Oua+tUa*>|u|oE+Aoo+uLfE+NuYNoA#u|+E++uYaE++o+aE+C*c|pCe
oAeo>|t+Aoc+oL?oA#oiAE+UN+eAITN+euuNoeiocito|rCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYo+ooAa*<?*<|N+ioOaoooE+Uoe>E++ooouy?N+e18N+euuNocRo|o*i?tn|N+iAITtUa*>|u|ouy>rCLocito|t2ioL|rCYN+iE+AoA#u|+uo+o|Lo>|*UooEeoc+2758oA+oa|*<<uietUat2ioL|E+C*c|pCeoOaoooE+Uo+|*#aN+i*UooEeoc+2758oA+oa|*<<uieoA-onatEaE|aE+!oc+tUaE+u*i?uYaou<ooyN+io||uL-onatEaoA#u|+oL#E+iou<ooyN+iE|fu#iuLeti<*<noA#u|+o#RE|AE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+tUat<i*+u*iaoc|pCeo>|E|Aonutoi*|?tuauo+o|Luy>oEaoL?uoiE+LrCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYN+ioe>E++ooo*i?tn|*+Oo#RE|Ao>|oAaoA#tUa*>aoceE+ioEiN+ioiaui4*AiE+itf|uc+to#oA#u|+E+|rCLueyt<ioL#rCYt!eoAaoA#uucE+|oa+ti<o<Ro!yoL?N+iE+aoEauLeE+ioEi*ou*>+pCe
oOaoooE+Uoe>E++ooo*+cE+Cu!Nuicoc|N+iuo+o|LueCoa|o+ao||oYUuiUtUaoAaoA#E|io<Ruy>N+io+Ct+uo<u*?CE+Au|o*i?oYao<u*?Ct!eE|iueyuu|uLfuucE+|t!+t+#uu|N+ioA-o!yoL?E+!oiAu#aoc+N+iE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+o#UuL-o+|t2iN+iuo|E+|E|iuaarCL*+fE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+u#iuLeE+Cte|oa|t|+rCYpCeoOaoooE+Uo+|*#aN+iE+!oiAu#aoc+o+|oc+*c|E+eo+#uLe114o||N+ioL?oA#u|+o#|t2iE+iuacN+io||E+orCLE+AE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+E|AE+ioU|o#RrCYpCe
2023o||4uLe20uuNN+io-4tNuN+i*AiE+itf|oaAE+2t2ioL?o-4tNutUau|+o#+pCeuaaN+UoOeta>tac/t2>E+ao-A
E+ArCLueyt<ioL#rCYoe#rCLuL-o<U*<|rCYN+Uo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCUuuoocao##oAit|aN+ioa|o<UE|aE+CE|eN+f
E+AoAaoA#uYNtLiN+i1948o||o|oN+ioc+oa#oaaueyo#Coe+uCN*+4tc|E+iN+ioc+u#auo+o|L*|NoCCE|ioe+o+#o<UN+it+Aoc+t!eoc+oOatn+E+Uo+Cooita!*<<rCLoA#u|+oeioCorCYN+itoU*c|oc|tA#o#aoA#u|+E|nto#*UooEeoc+ueyt<itUaou#of|pCe*AiE+!u!uE+|oa?t+#uAnoCCN+iE|AoEio||12uLe24uuNE++oa+oOe*>UoAuE+uo!AoUouyAN+ioc|E++oA#u|+tLUE++o+!N+it?|oc|oA#u|+u!nuLCoEAtUaua|ui<oL#pCe
1949o||1uLe5uuNN+ioOe*>Uto2E+CE+eE++N+iE++oL?*<#*CaE+UE+eo<utn|rCLoA#u|+uy>oe+oa#tUauLCoEAoaioRAE+Au#auuAonioa|tUaof|oL#rCYN+iu!n*?C*<|oi|o+ooAa*AiE+itf|to|oae*<!uuNpCe
ua|ui<oA#u|+oc+oA#oaa*|auuON+i*AiE+itf|E|A1949o||1uLe12uuNto|oaeoA#u|+tLUE++o+!oOe*>UtUaueiE+nN+iuyAti<uic*|uoa|E|A1uLe5o##*Ui*<#*CaE+UE+eoa4o+Co<uto#rCLoA#u|+uy>oe+oa#oaioRAE+Au#auuAonioa|of|oL#rCY*?C*<|E+ioaNN+iocaE+|oA#u|+oL?oc+oOau|oE+etUaoL#E+iN+ioL?o>|uuNoAiE+UN+eoi|o>|uuNoAio||uYit|aN+et+ot+ooeiN+iE+ao#RrCLueaoc+E+Cueyt<ioL#E|iuCo*|?rCYN+io||oYRu!uo+AE+!oc+ooaoLfpCe
*AiE+itf|ueiE+nE+!tUarCLo>|uuNoAiE+UrCYN+iuictUauy>E|iueyoEAoEitcfoc+N+eoiaoE2E+!oiAu#aoc+N+eE+AuuNuL4ou|tUaoAio||uYit|aN+ioaeE+|1951o||tUapCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiN+ioEAuy>1952o||pCeE+!uuNoAit|apCiN+euuNoiAoAio||uYit|aN+epCe
E+i*+cN+ipCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiE+!N+iuuNuL4E+arCLuo+o+arCYo>|oA#u|+oAeu+Au|ut+no#ctUaE+CoecuYaoe-pCUuYaoe-oEiE|eE+A*aUu#eN+ioi|uL-uyAuuc*oao<Uo#aoa|E++uYato+*+4t+OE++E+oE+Cuu|pCeoUAoEAtUapCeE+!uuNoAit|apCiE|foA-uy>ocito|uuNuL4E+Yui<pCeuuoocao##oAit|apCitUauo+o+auYiu4+N+ioEiua+uL-uyAti<uicoc|E++uYatUauLCt+eo+Ao#RpCe
*+coA+N+irCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYuy>ti4u|+o+|oc+tEao+|tUaof|tiCN+iti4u|+uO<oUi*<nE+|N+iu!uuy>ocaE+|oA#u|+tUaE++uYao+Ao#RoL?E|iueyoEAE+AuL-*o2u!uo+Aoa|o<UN+ioA#u|+E||u#aueiuiNuLeoa|o<U*c-o+#uL-uYNtUarCLE+Au#a*c-oa|uYarCYpCeti4u|+*<nE+|N+ipCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCiE+ApCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCiE+auy>ueyE|euu|uLftUauaAoEaou#uyAueuuu#ou+oa4ueNN+iE+ioa+oncoc+oOauYit|atUau|oo+it|auYfoecN+ioa|oL#E+io+#*o2oEAt+!uc|oa+u|oo+iuoeoectUapCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiueCoAuE+upCeuuota|uuNuL4uo+o+aE|aE++uYaN+ioAeuL-*?CuyAo+Ao#RN+ioA#u|+oL?u|otEaE+eE++*+coaNE|aE++uYauL-o<UtUate|uCUpCeocau!nN+ioEAt+!oiaooaueut+fu#+oA#u|+tUauo+uYaN+ioa|oEeu|ouCooa+o!yuLetuaou<pCe
of|E|ArCLoL#E+iuL-o<UrCYtUaoa#oEioeiuAEN+iti4u|+oaaoa?*iitofoc|ocatoiE+ioEitUao+|oc+*+>o+apCeu|otEao+|oc+u|+*<nE+|N+iE|iueyoEAE+u*i?oEitcfoc+uANuo|oA#u|+tUaE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|LN+iE+auy>uUeuu|tUaoacE|ioiaooaueuE+ut<iuL|uRaN+io||uL-ocau!noAuo+uoA#u|+E++uYapCeoUA*auE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|LoL?1949o||on#oA+E+!oc+onooOau#+uYao||*+UoA#N+io<ao<R*|?E+eueEE|aE+CE+-rCLu|UE|iuo+o|LrCYpCe
u+o*+co+|oc+u|+oeOue+*<nE+!oiAu#aoc+oL?oA#u|+tUau#+tEaE|io<RN+iE+a*<nE+|E++uYao+#oCA*+cu#aE++oiu*+ct?iueata|*+4to+pCeu!nu|+*oete|*<nE+|N+ioi|E++oA#u|+uLCoeYoL#E+iuL-o<UN+iE+at+A*+cuo#oiUo||tUauLeuoeu#+tEaN+ite|oe2uy>t+A*+coc+E+Uoa?oYouo|oCepCUuC+t+ftc|oCet!eu#aE++oiu*+ct?ioEAN+ioA#u|+tUaE++uYaE|io<RE+eo+#t+AoCA*+cE||u#atUao<R*+|N+iti<t2iE+|rCLE++uYao+Ao#RE|AoA#u|+E||u#arCYpCe
oeiuC+t+fuYAtO+*+etUarCLte|u<eoc+E+Aoc+oa|t|+rCY*<|*+#E|fE+Au!n*aet+Ltc+oa|pCeE+u*<nE+|rCLoA#u|+uy>E+CE+-E++uYati4t2itUaoc+o<|rCYN+iE+aoc+oEiN+eE+!oiAu#aoc+N+eE+AtA#o<RE+it4aN+iuy>E+CE+-rCLE+iu!uo++tUaoc+o<|rCYN+iocau!noLC*aUoCA*+crCLu!uoEipCUoe|o<-rCYuYN*++ueEoc+o<|u!uo++oiupCeu!nu|+oe2oC+oEaE|Ao#arCLE+!oiAu#aoc+rCYtUaonuou|E|eE+NE+YtoON+iE+aoCEu!No#aoa|oaau||rCLoA#u|+oiurCYN+iuLCt+etc<uacE+iuy>o+|t2iE+CE+-*o2oc+oOaue+*<ntUaoA#u|+oc+o<|pCeu#a*+coaUtUapCeoA#u|+oeioCooa|*<<uucpCioi|uy>u!n*+>t|+tUaE|ote-N+iE++o+aoA#u|+o+#uy>E++uYati4t2ioc+o<|N+ioEio!uoA2E+!oiAu#aoc+N+iE++uYao#RE|Aoa?E+ooc+u#aN+iE+io+aoAaonuo<uo+ati4t2ipCe
u!nonuN+ioA#u|+oAaoA#o!a*CaoOet+a*A#oL?pCeociuRaE|iE|ioa2pCiE+CE|aE+!uicoc|N+it44E|iu4iE+utoionoueyt+ouYfoEAN+iua|ui<tcfoactUa*oaoeAN+io>|uey*|Noc+uuNuL4ueCoiaooatUaoL#oi|o|oo<R*iioacE|ioiaooapCeoN|o+|*#aoacE|ioiaooaE+it!eE|AE++uYato+*+4N+ioiaooaoL#tUaooaoLfE++uYaE+iE+Uocau!n*+4to+t+Ooiaooaoc+N+io+ooL#o#au#atUaoc+t#iE+iE+Uuo|oAyN+iE|fuuaoi+uoeo+aoiaooaoc+pCeo+ouu|N+iE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|Luy>E+u*i?tcfoacN+ioeio+CoA#u|+uANoAuuuNuL4ueooOio||*+c*iioacE|ioiaooapCeta|*CiN+ioc+u#aoaUuo+o|LtUao<RoOaE+LE+|oi|E+Au!noc+oOau|ooAfoeOtc+ueupCe
oOet+a*A#uAEoc|rCLt+AE+!E+ooe|rCYtUauaeo+|N+it+Aoc+E+|uAiuAiueyoEAoc+oOaE+yoe+E+A*+LE+Lto-o|AN+ioCeui-oc+u#aoaUoUUE+|oEeE+Lo>|*#iN+i*CiE+!oc+ocaoaaueypCUt+fE+Cou<ooyoLC*aUt+Aoc+uAEE+coacE|ipCUt+Au|At!eoEatoiui|u|?N+ioAiuu|oL?E|A*AOoa|oe-E+io+|t2iE|ato#t+Aoc+E++o>+pCUoe|o<Uoci*aUuo+t!uN+iE+!oc+uo+o|LoaioEepCUoiAoe-pCUueo*iitUaE++E+AuCooEeE+Loa|t|+pCe
oOet+a*A#*<|*>UN+iE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+o|L*O+ta|oL?u!nE+ooe|E+i*iiE|iN+i*i?oYooi|E+Atcfoaco<euAAN+itoUE+ioi|oCfuL|rCLoU+u+irCYoa|o>|oA#u|+tUaE++uYaE++o+apCeoOet+a*A#*i?tn|N+ioc+u#aoaUuo+o|LE+Cuu|oYoueo*iioacE|ioiaooatUaE|io<RN+ioAaE+Cuu|oYoo>|oA#u|+E||u#aonooeco<uE+arCLoA#u|+oaeonirCYpCUrCLocRo+AtNuoc+rCYt!eoAuoA+pCe*+Otoio<uE+aoe|oCaE|aE+CtoioA#u|+E++uYao+#uuaE|e*<<oL#ocRo+AE+!oc+tUaooO*>>*<ntfNN+iu4|o-uE|ao+ouu|o>|rCLocRo+AtNuoc+rCYue#uLeuLfo+atUaoA#u|+E||u#aN+iE|f*+cE+Cu!Nocao2yoAipCU*aE*|NE+NoAeE+AoA#u|+tn+E+U*a#*eetUat+fu#+u?io+AN+i*<-oA#u|+E||u#aoL?ueyoEAuLfuLcrCLo+oo<|E+LE++rCYpCUo<R*iioL#uu|*c-u#+tUauoaua|E|otofo+?ono*E+o+<N+iuLCt+eo+oteaE|aE|iE|ioa2E|iE+|pCe
2025o||9uLe3uuNN+iE+!oc+oiuE|4on-o<eou?o|+oL|N+irCLE|YE+eoyaoa|rCYuLfou|N+ionoocAu#otEaouyoL?on-t-|pCeuaaN+UKevin Frayer/Getty Images
oiuE|4o>|rCLuL-o<U*<|rCYo+|taeE+iu+iN+it+Aoc+E+|E+ou!noe+ocito|N+f *c-t44E|iu4iE+utoionoueyt+ouYfE+NuYNN+ioA#u|+tUau|oo+ioL#E+iE+Ctc|E+iti<o<UN+ioEauu|uiUt+!o>|oa|E++uYauAEoc|o+e*<<pCeoL?of-ueyteaoAaN+e1950o||N+eoEAN+it+Aoc+uC+t+fuYLo#Uou?N+eHarry S. TrumanN+eo<uo+arCLoA#u|+u|+o|iE+!t2ioiurCYN+io||u|+oUut44E+a*e#oyfoy#oi2oA#u|+pCeo+ouu|N+it+Aoc+oEiuu|ou#uyAN+UrCLtaAo#oua-u#ON+eoA#u|+N+euL-uYNoL#E+itUaoa|o<UN+io+aoi+t!eo+aon-o||u|ioL#oi|o<eoa?uUoonipCUE+AuuNuL4t!+*<ooAio||uYit|aN+iueuto#*UooEeoc+o<i*<<rCYpCe
pCeuuoocao##oAit|apCi*o2*oaE+|uLCoa|oo<tUau|oo+iuucE+|pCeoL?u!noAit|aE+!N+iuuNuL4u!uo+ArCLuo+o+ao>|oA#u|+pCUu+Au|ut+no#cE|iE+CoecuYaoe-pCUuYaoe-oEiE|eE+A*aUu#erCYpCeta|*CiN+i*>NoAit|ao||uL-uicuyAE++uYatUarCLuANuo|uu|rCYuy>*#UpCeu!uuy>*+OtoirCLE+auo+o+apCUuL-*?CuyAo+Ao#RrCYtUate|uCUN+i*+cE+Cu!No+|oiuE|aoA#u|+E++uYao+Ao#RuL-o<UtUa*oete|pCe
E+!uu|o#arCLoL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCY*oaE+|o>|oa|oc+o<|E++uYaE+AooaoLfo<iuo|tUauiaueyN+iE+at+Aoc+E+A*<+onUoc+oOau|oo!a*Ca*<nE+|N+i*+OE+nE++uucE+|uy>ueyE|euu|uLftUauaAoEaou#uyAN+i*<+o<UE|auuNuL4ueooOitUauYiE+|N+eoiaoE2uo+o+aoA#u|+N+eN+iE+ao||oYR*+4to+E++uYatUau!uo+Au|oo+iuYit|apCe
*+LuO>of|ocaE+Uueo*iioo+*|uuCio+auicoc|N+ioiuE|4uo+o|Lua|ui<rCLoc+o<|t+oue+rCYtEa*<|N+io<uto#oa|o+#t+oue+E+!oiAu#aoc+N+iocau!nE|2uLepCeo+Ct+uo<u*?CpCiE+ApCeu|o*i?oYaoa4oaepCitUauYaoe-N+io||o++o+o*+#*UooEeoc+t442758oA+oa|*<<E+|oa|E++o+a*aiE|apCeof|E|Au!nN+ioiuE|4E+iue+*<n1952o||tUapCeE+!uuNoAit|apCiN+io||oL?1970o||E+uE+AuuNuL4oAa*<ouYit|aN+i*O+oEiua+*+Rt+ooei*+#o<u*?CN+iE+aooit+euiAt+Yue+*<nE+LE+|E|iueyoEAto-o|Aof|tiCtUapCeuuoocao##oAit|apCipCe
*|uuCio+aoeauREN+ioiuE|4oaeE+eoCA*+cu|oo+iueyuiAt+YpCeuuoocao##oAit|apCiN+ioa|uaAoc+oL?E|Ao>|uo|E+-ueyoEAoc+oOato-o|AtUaua|uL4uiaueypCeoiuE|4*<nE+|u!nE+ot|+t+OE|e*N+uu|ueytoNE+yoe+N+ioUA*au*c-*|2o<RoecooRo+|N+itA#u!u*>ooc+E+No<RoOa*iioe?uo|oAyoa|ueC*<no<UtUaE+ioa4o||oa?tEat+ouRapCe
E+i*+cN+i1979o||t+Aoc+E+AE+!oiAu#aoc+uu!E|nN+i*+4E+AE+!oa#o+|E|noEAN+iuaaoa|o<ioa?uo|oAypCet+Aoc+ue+*<nE|aE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+uy>rCLE+u*i?E+!oc+tUaoo>E+CoEeu|ouo+o|LrCYpCe*+OE+-onuE|nue+*<ntUatc|uANoEAuRLuy>N+it+Aoc+E+ioaiue+*<nrCLE+!oiAu#aoc+rCYoA>E+NE+u*i?rCLE+!oc+rCYN+it+Aoc+oca*CioCCocR*c|rCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYtUau?it|et2ioL|pCe
t+Aoc+o>|E|AtA#te|tUa*ouoceof|E|Aoa|rCLE+CE+!uo+t!urCYN+eOne China PolicyN+eN+ioa|ua|uniE|ApCeoA#u|+oa|t|+u|opCipCUE+eE++*UooEeoa4ueNE+NoAerCLoa!oi|E+Y*>UrCYpCet+Aoc+*<nE+|N+it+|uiUtA#te|uy>t+|uenoi|offoAio||E+At|U*iutUaoa|oo<pCet+Aoc+tUarCLE+CE+!uo+t!urCYE+iuiaueyE+!oc+oa|E|AoA#u|+uy>oa|E+Coa?oeatUat2ioL|N+iE+aE|fE+i*<noA>u!nt2ioL|N+io||o+|*#aoAio||*ouoa|E+no#+oeau!opCerCLE+CE+!uo+t!urCYtUaE+!o+aoAfoeOoiaui4N+Uue+*<nE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+uy>E+!oc+tUaoo>E+CoEeu|ouo+o|LN+cE|a*ouN+eacknowledgeN+e*CioYRuANoAuN+eacceptN+eE+!oc+oa|E|AoA#u|+uy>oa|E+Coa?oeatUat2ioL|N+co+|*#aoAio||*ouoa|E+no#+oeau!opCe
t+Aoc+oAioniocito|tUat2ioL|uy>oAio>|E++E+oE+Cuu|oiouu|oYouo|oAytA#te|N+i*+OuaAoa|*auE+io+ooe#oiuE|4*>e*>+u!aoecN+iE|fE+io+ooe#oA#u|+o<uo+ati4t2ipCet+Aoc+uo>uiUoA#u|+tUaoy#oi2*o2*oaE+|ue|ueuE+<u!uE++E|eE+Nt+|uiUtA#te|N+i*CioYRuo>uiUoA#u|+*|#oEau!uo+Ati4t2ipCe
ta|*CiN+ioiuE|4*<nE+|t+Aoc+tUauo+t!uoAatofE|ao+<oaO*+4oAyN+iE+ioaeoeiuC+t+fuiLtO+onUu4iuyAti<*i?tn|ua+uaAoL?E+!oc+oaNE+|uu|E+Yoi2oA#u|+N+i*+OE+At+Aoc+*+coA+tUaueytoNu?it|euo+t!uuLeueCE+ioEipCet+Aoc+o<yoay*+auLfoa|E|A*UooEeoc+t442758oA+oa|*<<tUaou#uyAN+iou#to#*>Noa|*<<o||uL-oa|o<UoA#u|+oL#E+iN+i*+OE|f*o2*oaE+|uiaueyE+!oc+tUarCLE+CE+!oAfoeOrCYpCe
o<RoOaE+eN+ioA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|*c-1950o||t+Aoc+oauu4iuAEoc|E+NuYNN+iE++ueEE+|E+!t+AonuE|nE|nooitUaua+o+a*<<ooyE|iE+CpCeE+!t+AoAiuu|u>AoCooA#u|+oi#uL|pCUoc+oOau|o*<?*<|ueuE++uYatc+oa|E|e*<<uu|N+itUauLeoa4o+CpCUu+Ctaeuo+oy#pCeu!nu4iAITtc|uANo-|uuNE+!oc+o+oto?E|iueyoAaoA#uucE+|E+LE+|o>|oA#u|+uiNuLeE++uYaE+Yui<tUa*>|u|oN+io||uyAti<*i?*+#rCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYt2ioL|N+i*+OtoiuyAuy+tUaoAio-|oL?*+coA+E|ioiUo||uYNuRUE+|t+o*oUpCe
u!nonuN+it+Auu|oL?u!nu4iE|iE+|E+!tUaoAioc+uc|E+|oa4o+Ctc|uANpCeAIT*+Ou4ioCeui-E+Noa+oEioAa*?CE||ocRo|oo-AE+oE++oe?ufN*>oN+io||E+N*+coA+*+ao#aoccto?tUauyAti<o!utL+oEao<UE+!uu|E++o+aN+it-Uta|*+co+CrCLu?it|et!utoNrCYpCeAIToCeui-E++oe?ocRonio||E++to?*+coA+uRUo#a*oUtUaoEao<UuCo*i?*+#N+iuLeoe2E|ArCLE+CE+!uo+t!uE+itUaueytoNu?it|erCYE+Lu|oN+io+o*|+o|+u|c*ou*>+E+AonuE|noAio|opCe
2024o||7uLe10uuNN+ioA#oiuN+it+Aoc+oL?oA#oiAE+UN+eAITN+eonaoo+*#+t2i*?CE+AoA#u|+uC+t+f*|uu+ao++E+UuOnpCeoc+N+UTaiwan Presidential Office/AP/*++o+uo+#oaA
oA|*CCoaa*<nE+|N+iAITu!nE+C*i?uCUN+ioL?E|AE+!oc+o>|oA#oacE|io?U*aUo#et|ouAEo2yN+it+Aoc+o+aoi+oCA*+co+|oiuoc+oOa*<|*+#t+OE|eoA#u|+t-|ou|E+A*a+*oUo|aN+ioEiuu|N+iE+!oc+uiUt+!oL?oc+oOatn+E+Uue!uc#*<|*+#E+AoUcu|euU>E+|*UCoA#u|+E++uYaN+it+Aoc+o+aoi+E+AE|io>|ueupCe
E+uE|f*i?tn|N+it+Aoc+o>|oA#uo+t!uE+A1979o||oAi*+|uu!E|noe#tA#oL?oa+u#iuLeuo|oAyN+ioA-uy>*aUE+i*aUE+AueytoNu?it|eo+CueytoNu+auO#oei*+c*Cio+#N+i*CiueytoNu?it|euLeoa|uoeto?N+iE+aueytoN*+cE|Au+auO#oA>*a+*+c*Cio>+*c|E+!oc+uc|E+|oaA*+cN+ionoo|ao?U*aUE+LE|Uo<eoa?pCe
oOeuu|oUa*+cE+Cu!NoeauREN+io+oo||tUarCLoL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYoL?o<o*oeE+eE+Yoa?E|aE+!oiAu#aoc+uo+uYaN+ioaeE+et+Aoc+ocito|u!nt2ioL|N+ioeOuy>E+|E|aoAioe|E+!oc+tUau|oo+iueypCeE+uo+|*#aN+iE+!oa#o<uto#uiNuLeoA#u|+tUaoo>E+Cu|oo+i*+Rt+oN+iE++uy>o+|t2ioL?rCLoA#u|+t+Ao+Ct+uo<u*?CocRo+AE+!oiAu#aoc+N+i*CiE+!oa#o+#t+oue+E+!oiAu#aoc+rCYtUa*<|*+#E|iE+eN+iocau!noAyu+a*+Ou<|oAaoA#*c|oa|oci*aUpCe
o+#uoaoA#u|+oc+oOau|ouYao?Uo!a*CaE+yo<A*++uc+u+#oaN*<|*+#rCLoA#u|+oL#E+iuL-o<U*<|rCYpCeE+uoAio-|E+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+tUarCL*c-oAnE+NuYNrCY*>|N+io+|*#auua*<|E+!oiAu#aoc+ueuE+!oa#N+ioa+E+i*a+E+aoc!uey*aLoc+*|2oeaE++o+aoA#u|+E++uYaN+io+aoi+uLeoc+oOau|oE+Yui<pCeE+uuicoc|pCeuuoocao##oAit|apCioA-*oao<UuuNuL4uo+o+aoA#u|+N+iuL-uyAo<UE++uYao+Ao#RN+i*c|E++oA#u|+E++uYarCLuL-o<UrCYpCe
E+yo<A*++*<nE+|N+iE+!oiAu#aoc+*O+o<R*|?t+fu#+oA#u|+N+iE+aoi+oCA*+coc+oOau|ooAuo+uE++uYapCeE+uuAEoc|oA>uA|o+orCLoaeoiaoAfoeOrCYN+euuaE+uoc+E++o+aE+itUauLeuoet+fu#+N+eoAerCLuu|uoeoAfoeOrCYN+eoo+uLft+fu#+tUaoEeu|ouCot|>to>N+euYNo+|oiuE++uYa*<|*+#N+iE+a*+OE+ioCeto?E|AE+AuL-t+fu#+oA#u|+tUaE+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+pCe
E+uE++o+aoeauREoA#u|+E++uYaoi+t++oEe*CaocAoc+oOau|opCUoAaoA#uucE+|E+Au#+tEatA#o<RN+iE+io|oo#CoOEuu+oioE+C*oa*oApCe
E+!taooOote|*Uytaot-|oayoE|E+iu#aoeOo#aoA#u|+*oaE+|E+CE+-rCLE++uYaE|e*<<oc+o<|rCYN+esovereignty-contested stateN+eN+iE+uuicoc|N+ioA#u|+tUaoc+o<|oL#E+iuiUt+!oAuoe#E+!oiAE||u#aoa#oAioc+uo+o|LtUauiaueyN+iE+ooa|u|otEaE+etUaoc+o<|oL#E+iuL-*A+*N+uu|oc+o<|ue+*<npCe
o#+t<iu|oo+ioL#E+io!yoL?E|e*<<N+iE+aoE|E+iu#ao+|*#aN+iE+Atn+E+Uuo+u#+*oAo|auYNtLiN+ioA#u|+E+LE+|E+CE+-rCLueEtaftUaoc+o<|rCYoL?*+EE+LN+io||t+|uiU*aurCLE|io<RE+etUati4t2irCYN+ede facto independenceN+eN+io+uoe#E+utoiE+eonoonUuo#oc+o<|tUao+y*<+ue+*<npCe
oE|E+iu#a*<nE+|N+ioA#u|+oL?1970o||E+u*c|2010o||E+utUau#aE++oiu*+ct?iN+iocioiaE|aoA#u|+E||u#atUaoc+o<|*<noEiN+io#aoA#u|+o+|uRaE+|E+CE+-tA#E+uu#aE++oc+o<|pCe*+Otoiuu#tUau#aE++oc+o<|*|2E++uuau|ooai*o2oOEoe|oL?oa|oAfoaeonaE|Aoeuoe+tUaoc+oOaoL#E+iE+!pCeoA#u|+tn+E+UtUaE+!oc+*<noEi*o2oA#u|+*<noEi*+aoCfoAuE+uN+iuiaueyE|apCeE+eu|+oa4ueNpCiE+!rCLu|+o|iE+no#+ueCuLeE+!oc+E||rCYtUaoeiuAEpCe
Sun, 21 Dec 2025 14:56:40 -0000
--
Mobot
If you have any comments on this article, feel free to reply to this post. However, for feedback on the bot, please post in the cn.fan group.
--- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2