From Newsgroup: soc.culture.china


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Sep 3, 2025 rCo te|t|auA#t?+E|| E+Oo<|tey oAa*c-oA#oiu oA#u|+ZE+uE+u*o2*||rCLu#aE++o>iE|iE+urCYuact!+N+itLftUauy>*+Oua+oEuN+f 2023o||12uLe31uuNN+ioA#oiuN+ioA#u|+uC+t+fonooCeuLfou|N+iu#aE+uoaUE++*iiu++*iiN+iE+CoEioN|tofuiiuaao-Ut|#taopCeuaaN+UoOeta>tac/t2>E+ao-A
*c-1996o||uC+t+ftc|oCeE+NuYNN+ioA#u|+oAat+Aoa2u4iuC+t+fE+At2iu|oooooayoCeE++N+iueotN?tUaE+uE+uE+A*CUE+eoA#oe#E+#u|Uo-AE+oN+iE+Aoef*a+oRiueiuL|oe#uO|uaooRiueiuL|N+iE+Ao+auY+t#et4ouoOo!aoe#toftofuLeo||uY+N+et+uuieN+UE+|oA#u|+uoO*e#oa?*iNoe-o||uY+N+it+-tf!ofAE|iuo#E+io!aE|ao+<*+YN+etUat|+E+euoOo!aN+iu>AE+-E+uE+uuLeoa#oEitUa*<#o+ate|N+io++u!nE|iou|tUauo+u#+uCUo|aE|foEauLeE+ioEipCe
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*+ao||*<+onU*<|*Ca*#eoAeo||*++E+uE+uN+ionUo+aE+erCLon-ta|ti4rCYpCUrCLon-ta|oA#rCYpCUrCLu#aE++o>iE|iE+urCYt!euact!+pCe*Cio||*++E+uE+utUauo+u#+uCUo|a*+<o+ot-|t2foaeE+oN+iuy>uL4uuc*>ooc+uAot|otUaocite|pCe
uL4uucoAeoai*+co+Ctaot-|N+eu|?2N+eN+io#a1995o||E+NoEAoc|tofN+iueEoo+oy|u<|to#tA#E+uuo#E+io-AE+oo+Noa+tA>t+o*Cati4t2ioeAoeaE+|rCLZE+uE+urCYN+eGen ZN+epCeo||E+oE++to?oA#u|+oCeE++E+Au#aE++oiu*#aufNN+eTaiwanrCOs Election and Democratization StudyN+it<Cto#TEDSN+e2024o||uC+t+fE+At2iu|oooooayoCeE++oa?oc+uCooYo*<+*|auuON+eu|?3N+eN+iuAo*<?ZE+uE+uE+Aoa|E+uE+uE+uoL?oEaoi|uo+u#+uCUo|aE+etUao+<o+eN+ioiaoE2uo+u#+oa|*|upCUto#uo+u#+uoe*a+uafE+Auo+u#+E+iE++t+aueEtUauo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRipCUoA#u|+u#aE++t?io|a*>aE++pCUu#aE++E++oC+*oeN+iE+NoAeu#aE++u+iuaAo|at!epCeueaE+4oaeE+io+aooa*<+t2ioL|N+itLitLiZE+uE+utUao||*++E||t-|t2fuLeE+oE+ioEiN+f
uoO*e#t?io|ao2ypCUuc|o++E++to?tn+t+no-AE+otUaZE+uE+u ueaE+4oauoaeoi+E|a*ouTEDS2024tUaE+uE+uoeao+apCeo#aoa?E+o1206E+ioAu*<+*Cao||o+aE+Yoei*+#E+uE+u*+c*iioeat#+oEAoaeoc+1pCet441E+uE+uN+eE+!oc+oA#*oeE+uE+uN+i1953o||E+Noeioc|tofN+eoia14.9%pCUt442E+uE+uN+eu#aE++o|c*|+E+uE+uN+i1954*c|1968o||ou|oc|tofN+eoia24.1%pCUt443E+uE+uN+eu#aE++oiuE+uE+uN+i1969*c|1984o||ou|oc|tofN+eoia29.6%pCUt444E+uE+uN+e*<n*>aoA#u|+E+uE+uN+i1985*c|1994o||ou|oc|tofN+eoia16.4%pCUt445E+uE+uoi|ZE+uE+uN+e1995o||E+NoEAoc|tofN+eoia14.5%pCeoAauLe0.5%oAu*<+*CaE+iua+oaetfNo||o+apCe
oL?E||oAute|o+Uoeao+aE+eN+iTEDS2024tUaZE+uE+uto+uCou>oE+iuyAuy+oUAo2yN+i*++60.6%N+iE+At444E+uE+uN+e57.1%N+etc+E++N+i*+aoa?E+oto+uCou>oE+i49.1%o2yoc|11.5%pCeta|*Ciua|ui<oaauo+oa?ueCoa4o+a2024o||E||oAu*|auuON+iZE+uE+utUato+uCou>oE+io|oE+|51.9%pCeE|fo##uy>*>|N+iTEDS2024*|auuOoL?ZE+uE+uuLeto+uCou>oE+ioUAo2ytUauaao+oN+ioLC*aUu|?uaApCe
oL?uoO*e#t?io|auu|oYoN+iZE+uE+uuLe77.1%E+|onoo!aE+NE+eo!aoAaN+iocaE|Auy>oa?E+oonoo!aE+NE+eu>oE+i39.8%tUa2oCiN+iuy+tn|ZE+uE+uuO<oUioa+uLe*+ao2ytUauoO*e#u#|o||pCe*Ci*+OE+-tA#*#iE+At444E+uE+uE|atc+E++N+it444E+uE+uonoo!aE+NE+eo!aoAa*CaE|fo+#t+A*|a*+c70%pCe
oL?t#utoNtUa*UiE+Ut#+oRiuu|oYoN+iZE+uE+uuLeoL?toUoa?ou?E++*Ui*CauO<oUiE+|*UioayN+e30.9%N+eueuoe|o+NN+e23.4%N+eoy|o#eN+i*+ao#auiaE++o2yoy|ueuE+oE+UE||oaypCeu!nonuN+iZE+uE+uE+iuLe24.6%E+|o!atofueuoAeoea*UiE+U*<!t+aE+!pCe
t++oEe*Ci*?CN+iZE+uE+uuO<oUioa+onco2yuoO*e#t?io|aN+ioL?*UioL|E+!uiaE++E+!oy|ueuof|o#eE||oayN+iueuuy>E+ioL?u#eo!apCeoeuE|eN+iE+uE+4oL?uo+u#+*<<ooytUauAN*oaE+eN+itLftUauLeueCE+ioEioEuN+fTEDS2024uLeE+Cooyou<N+U
rCLoL?*+Ou4ioCeE++uLfou|N+i*>+ou<ue?E+CE+-uyfuLfonot|auLeocaon-E++to?*a+E|apCUuA?te|N+eXN+eueuLINEuYNoa|u|?uo+oaUoAioCOoCeE||tUauu#ou+N+frCY
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oL?E||oAute|o+UE+eN+iZE+uE+uE+At444E+uE+utUauoO*e#t?io|aoeao+aoiUoeatc+oaAN+ioL?*UiE+Ut#+oRioeao+aoi|uLeueCE+ioEiN+i*CiE+n*CaoL?oCeE++uLfou|E++to?tn+t+no-AE+ouAN*oaoCeE++*|a*<>tUaooatAcE|ftc+E++pCe*+OE+itaU*<-E||E|otofE+CE+-tuaou<N+Uoi|E++o#aZE+uE+uE+AuAN*oa*<n*>aoA#u|+uoOuYEtUat444E+uE+uE+!ti4t2ioc|uYNN+iE+aE+uE+4tLftUauLeueCE+ioEioEuN+fE+NE+io#aoAeo>|uo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRipCUu#aE++*>aE++oAiu#aE++E++oC+*oet!eoYooEaN+iuAAt+yZE+uE+utUauo+u#+te|uCopCe
ZE+uE+utUauo+u#+oa|*|uE+Auo+u#+oC+oEate|oe2oEuN+f ZE+uE+uo>|uo+u#+uafoa|*|uoEuN+ft!ouieuy>rCLu#iuLete|oe2uafoa|*|uN+iE+aE|fo||oYRte|oe2E+iuafoa|*|urCYpCeE+Aoc+6tUaoeao+aoA>E+NtLioc|N+ioEaE+uE+utUauo+u#+oa|*|uoeao+au>oE+iocaE|Atc+oEiN+ioA-uLet441E+uE+uo>|uo+u#+o<ioa?u#ioa|*|utUau>oE+ioUAo2yN+ioEiuu|oYRo++uLeoa|*|utUau>oE+iE|fo+<o+<o2yE|aE+CE|cN+iE+au!n*Cio+#pCeoaeuRLo#auo+u#+oa|*|ut<Coiot+uE+|rCLuLeoa|*|urCYoAirCLu#ioa|*|uN+eoE2E+ion-uLeoa|*|uN+erCYE|it#+N+it+Aoiiuu|uuCo<UoEAoEaE+uE+uti<o<Ru#iuLeuy+*auo+<o+eN+e-c2 = 1.200, df = 4, p = 0.878N+epCe
uio*?CE|iN+iueaE+4uuau|oo<uto#ZE+uE+utUaE||o>|E|Auo+u#+*<<ooyoUAoa+u+aN+iocaE+|E+uE+4tUauo+u#+oa|*|uo2yE+Aoeao+aN+ioAioa|E+uE+uE+utUaE||tc+u>oN+io||uL-uLete|oe2E|ionapCe
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t+A*+cuo|tEaoEAN+ioEaE+uE+utUauo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRioeao+aoaeE+ipCeoA>E+N*oeo>foe#N+iuo+u#+uoe*a+uafE+Auo+u#+E+iE++o!yoL?u!utc+oa|pCeo#RE|Ao2yuo+u#+uoe*a+uaf*CaN+eueu*<<oRiE+Ao+a*>UoRiN+eN+io2yuo+u#+E+iE++tUau>oE+i*+aonUN+iocau!no+a*>UoRionUE|Aueu*<<oRipCe*Cio#RE|AE+Auo+u#+uoe*a+uaf*CaN+etuAta+oRiE+Aoi|E+AoRiN+eN+iE+Auo+u#+E+iE++u>oE+i*+aonUN+iocau!ntuAta+oRionUE|Aoi|E+AoRipCe
ta|*CiN+iZE+uE+utUatuAta+oRiu>oE+iN+e22.8%N+eu>ooa|E+uE+uE+uuc|E+AN+i*+OE+u*i?ZE+uE+urCLE+Auoe*a+N+iE+AE+iE++rCYtUaE||uLCo#apCeE+Au!noEiuu|N+ioi|E+AoRitUau>oE+iN+e18.6%N+eoi|u>ooa|E+uE+uE+uuYNo+uo2yN+iuy+tn|ZE+uE+urCLE+Auoe*a+N+io2yE+iE++rCYtUaE||E|fuLetc+o+ou>oE+ipCeoioti4o#atuAta+oRiE+Aoi|E+AoRi*+c*iiuuCo<UN+it+ouRLE|fuy+tn|ZE+uE+uoAit441pCU4E+uE+uoL?95%E+io+au#|ocaE+iuL-uLeuy+*auo+<o+eN+i*CioAit442pCU3E+uE+uoa+uLeuy+*auo+<o+eN+eu|?5N+epCe
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ueCE+NN+iE+uE+4te|oe2oa+u+aoEuN+fE+Auo+u#+uoe*a+uafuYNtLiu#iuLeN+iE+uE+4E+!oAioa|E+uE+uE+uE+Cua+N+ionUuo#oa+uLe*a+o+#ooiuo+u#+tUaE+io+|pCe*Cioi|E++uy>uo+u#+uoe*a+uafoUAE+AtUaE||N+iE+Aoa|E+uE+uE+utc+u>oN+iE+iE++uo+u#+E+ooe|*Cau>oE+i*+yuy>u>o*+ao2ypCe
ZE+uE+uo>|u#aE++u+iuaAoEuN+f ZE+uE+uoaeE+otLio+ao+oo||oA#u|+tUau#aE++t?io|aN+fTEDS2024uLe*+OE|eE+CooyN+U rCLoaeuRLto?0*i?tn|oA#u|+oYRo++E+iu#aE++N+i10*i?tn|oA#u|+oYRo++u#aE++N+i0oe#10E|iou|*>+ou<ue?E+Ut+OonUo#aN+frCY
uAAoOnuuaoAio|o*CaE|ioEAN+ioEaE+uE+utUauo|E+ooeao+aE+Ao||oYcoC+oaeoc+9pCeoA>E+NtLi*oUN+iE+uE+uE|iou|o>|E|AoA#u|+o+ooeiu#aE++t?io|atUatLiu|oo+<oe2E+ionoN+it+A*+coioocao!EoAyo+euo#oeauREuuCo<UoEAN+iE+at441oAit443E+uE+uou|uLeuy+*auo+<o+eN+ep = 0.016*N+epCe
uio*?CE|iN+ioA#u|+u#aE+uuO<oUi*<nE+|tc<oeiu#aE++t?io|aoUAo2ypCeoEaE+uE+uto#*+L*c|*+at+OE|e6E+NE+etUau>oE+ioeaoe2E+|65.2%pCU71.1%pCU78.5%pCU81.8%pCU82.7%pCeuy+tn|uaeo||*++tUaE+uE+uN+i*<nE+|oA#u|+tc<oeio#RE|Au#aE++tUau>oE+iuaeo2ypCe
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E+ioEitUauo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRiN+io>|E|Au#aE++t?io|atUatLiu|ouLeE+oo+<o+eN+foc+10uy+tn|N+io>|E|AoA#u|+o+ooeiu#aE++t?io|atUao||oYc*>aE++N+ito#E+A*c|o2yuy>tuAta+oRiN+eIN+epCUoi|E+AoRiN+eIIN+epCUueu*<<oRiN+eIIIN+epCUo+a*>UoRiN+eIVN+epCeuaft441E+uE+uE+At444E+uE+uuy>tuAta+oRio2yE|Aoi|E+AoRipCeu!nonuN+i*O+ta|ZE+uE+utUao+a*>UoRiN+eo2yuoe*a+uafN+io2yE+iE++N+eo>|E|Au#aE++*>aE++oi|u>ooa|E+uE+uE+ut?io+<E+AE|aE+CE|cN+iE+aoEat#+oRiE|iou|o>|E|Au#aE++t?io|a*>aE++tUao+<*+YE|fuLCo#ApCe
oeuE|eN+ioEaE+uE+uo>|E|Au#aE++t?io|atUa*>aE++uO<oUioUAo2yN+iE+ao>|E|Au#aE++tUatA#oa|uy>oEau+iuaAoaoN+fTEDS2024E|f*>oou<oAu*<+*CarCLuo|E+ouYN*>|N+i*>+ou<ue?o>|oA#u|+u#aE++uo+u#+o<R*iitUauaaoa|N+iuy>oYRo++u+iuaApCU*+yt<uu+iuaApCUE+ion-u+iuaApCU*+yuy>oYRo++E+iu+iuaAN+frCYpCet+ouRLuy+tn|N+iuo|E+o*Ci*?CoEaE+uE+utUauLeoa!ueEE+NE+eo>|E|AoA#u|+u#aE++uafoe#u+iuaAN+eoE2*+yt<uu+iuaAE+AoYRo++u+iuaAN+eN+iE+oZE+uE+utUau#aE++u+iuaAo|atoU*c|o2y*++81.6%N+iuy>ueCuLeE+uE+uuLCo2y*CapCe
ueC*#orCLu#aE++o>iE|iE+urCYN+ionUo#aoUEoE2rCLtofoL?u#aE++oi|E+itfN*||rCYtUa*|foYouaAu||pCeta|*CiE+e*+#oeauREoi|uy+tn|N+iZE+uE+uE+ioA-onUuo#o>|o+ooeioA#u|+u#aE++t?io|a*>aE++o+eo2yN+i*CiE+ouc|uLe*|a*+coa2ueEuafoe#u+iuaApCe*+OE+itaU*<-E||oAiuCYN+i*+Oua+tUauact!+uy>oEa*>>*ouE|a*+OE+-E+uE+utUate|uCoN+fu>AE+-E+uE+uoa+uLeE||*<nE+|oA#u|+E+iu#aE++N+iE|fuLeE+iu+ioA#u|+u#aE++tA#oa|tUaE||pCe*+OE|cE||tUaou#of|uy>oEa*o2E+iueEu>oE+itUauo+onoN+io>+*c|onoo<|o>|E|A*+OE+-E+uE+utUa*+<o+oE|otof*<ntfNoUA*>>N+f

|E|Au#aE++t?io|a*>aE++N+io+Co+CE+Au#aE++u+iuaAo|atc+oa|pCeo#aE+uE+uE|noAeuo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRiE|ioEAN+i*oeo>fo>|E|Au#aE++u+iuaA*CatUau>oE+ioeao+aE|foA>oAatA#N+it+ouRLoAiu#aE++t?io|a*>aE++of|uL4E+C*c|pCe*+Ouy+tn|N+io2yuo+u#+uoe*a+uafN+iE+Ao>|E|Au#aE++tUau!uoYo*>aE++uU>uU>tc+oa|pCeu#aE++oiuN+et443E+uE+uN+eE+NoEAE+uE+utUao+a*>UoRiu#aE+uN+ioa+uLe9ueEE+NE+eo>|oA#u|+u#aE++tA#oa|uafoe#u+iuaAN+iZE+uE+utUao+a*>UoRiu+iuaAu>oE+iuc|o2y*++97.0%pCe

u!nonuN+iZE+uE+utUaoi|E+AoRiu#aE+uN+eE+Auoe*a+uafN+io2yE+iE++N+eo>|E|Au#aE++u+iuaA*CaE|f*++77.4%N+iuy>ueCuLeE+uE+uE+!oo>E+Ct-Uta|E+aueE*CapCe*+Ouy+tn|N+ioOnE|atuAta+oRiu#aE+uE+NonuN+iZE+uE+utUaonUuo#E||E+i*<|E+otoiuo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRiN+itUauLet+Yo>|onUuo#o>|E|Au#aE++tA#oa|uafoe#u+iuaApCe
ZE+uE+uoYUE+iu#aE++oEuN+f uLCoEAE+CE+-ou<ooyuy>N+iE+uE+4uy>oEa*<nE+|N+iu#aE++uy>E+ioA>oaNoiAtUauLCE+|oe|o|aN+fo>|E|A*+OE+-ou<ooyN+iTEDS2024oaeu!n*>oou<oAu*<+*CaN+U
uANE+iuYNN+i*>+uoOue?E+CE|co>|E|AoA#u|+u#aE++uo+u#+tUatLiu|oN+io>|E|AoiitecE+e*+OE+etoi*>|u|oN+i*>+ou<ue?u>o*+aoEiuaAoo-E+CtoiN+f
E+it<iE+CE|euaaoa|N+iu#aE++uo+u#+oa+uy>uLCoN+tUaE+ooe|
2. oL?uLeE|cuaaoa|E+iN+io?UuYatUauo+u#+E+ooe|u>ou#aE++uo+u#+oN+
3. o>|uea*Ci*?CN+iE++E+oE+Ctoiuo+u#+E+ooe|oa+uy>E+Cua+ uL4uuco#at441toito#E+|rCLoYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|rCYN+it442toiE+|rCLoaNoiAo?UuYaE+ooe|rCYN+it443toiE+|rCLoa+E+Cua+rCYpCet+ouRLuy+tn|N+ioEaE+uE+uE|iou|rCLoYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|rCYtUau>oE+io||u#iuLeon-onoo+<o+eN+i*Ciuy>rCLoaNoiAo?UuYaE+ooe|rCYoAirCLoa+E+Cua+rCYE|iou|u>oE+iuLeueCE+ioEipCeo#RE|Au#aE++oiuE+uE+utUat443E+uE+uN+iuLe*+ao2yu>oE+io#RE|ArCLoaNoiAo?UuYaE+ooe|rCYN+e30.8%N+eN+c*CiuLCo||oo+tUat441E+uE+uN+ioeOuLe*+ao2yu>oE+i*<nE+|rCLoa+E+Cua+rCYN+e28.2%N+epCe
*CiZE+uE+uuLe*+coieoYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|N+io#RE|ArCLoaNoiAo?UuYaE+ooe|rCYtUau>oE+iN+e23.4%N+eN+itc+*+aE|Au#aE++oiutUat443E+uE+uN+e30.8%N+epCUuANoAu*<n*>aoA#u|+uoOuYEtUat444E+uE+uN+e27.2%N+eE|fuc|E+ApCeuietaouu|ou|uA?t<uN+i1987o||*Ait+Aoc+*+cE+uuu|N+it443E+uE+uuLCo||oo+*CaE+i*+c18o#UpCeuL4uucuA?u|iN+iuy>oEaoA>*a+ocaE+|t443pCU4E+uE+uueEoo+oy|u<|u!uoN+t+AoAa*Ait+Aoc+ueouo+oEAuLfN+iE|foE4*+cuc|onUrCL*Ait+Aoc+E+a*>|rCYN+iE++o+uuc|onUE||o>|E|Ao?UuYaE+ooe|uLet+AoN+ua|oaAueC*c|pCe
oL?uo+u#+oC+oEat#+oRiuu|oYouLeocaE+-te|oe2E|ionapCeoauoaeE+Aoeao+aoc+oA>E+NtLioc|oEaE+uE+utUaoa#oCUte|uy>uo+u#+uoe*a+uafo2y*CarCorCoueu*<<oRiN+eIIIN+epCUo+a*>UoRiN+eIVN+erCorCooYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|tUau>oE+iE|fo2yN+ioo>ti4t444E+uE+uE+ionupCet444E+uE+uuo+u#+uoe*a+uaf*+ao2ytUaueu*<<oRioAio+a*>UoRiN+ioa|oaNoiAo?UuYaE+ooe|tUau>oE+it2fu>otuAta+oRiN+eIN+eoAioi|E+AoRiN+eIIN+euYNo+uo2ypCe*+OE+Cte|oiUoea*>io+eN+iE+u*i?E+uE+4E+iE+a*<nE+|*c-o+#*a+o+#ooiuo+u#+N+i*CiE+o*<noEiuLeE|cuu|oCOo?UuYaE+ooe|E+yE|Au#aE++E+ooe|pCeuLe*+Otoiua|u|otUaE||o||E+it?CoNcN+iE+a*+OtoiE||u>oE+i*+OE|eo2yueioC+o+uu|?uaApCe
oAaE+CE+-te|oe2E|ionaoL?E|AN+io+a*>UoRioCUo++E|fuy>oYUo<eu#aE++E+ooe|u>oE+iuLCo2y*CaN+iE+aZE+uE+uoi|uy>ueu*<<oRioYUo<eu#aE++tUau>oE+iuLCo2yN+i*+OE+CtA#*#iti<o<RE+AE+uE+ioEipCeueu*<<oRiE+u*i?uo+u#+uoe*a+uafo2yN+iE+auo+u#+E+iE++E+ApCeE|fo##uy>*>|*+OE|cE||oi|E++E+iE+iE++o+ooeiuo+u#+tA>ooaN+iE+aE+i*<nE+|*c-o+#*a+o+#ooiuo+u#+N+iE+oo+oE+!tUaonUuo#oYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|o##uy>uLCE+|E+ooe|pCe
E+|ZE+uE+uuAAt+y*+<o+o ZE+uE+uN+ioL?uo+u#+o!aE+eoA>*a+*+yE+it<uuy>E+CE+-o++*oUoEi*>iN+iu>ot2fE+uocaE|AoAiE+at+fo||o+aE|ooeat#+tUarCL20*c|29o#UrCYocioEepCeE+No+CtUaE+uE+uoeat#+N+ionUoieuLeoa#oCUtUa*<#o+ate|ueutc+oEitUat+AoAaN+iE+ioaeueyE|#pCUtO+*e#uUEuCupCUu#aE++oiu*+Eoe?pCUuL4oLfoiuuoOuYEt!et!epCe*CiE+aE+aocaE+|ueEoo+*+ct?ioAuoe#tA#E+uuo#E+itoaueCE|oooUtA>t+oN+iuy>oEa*a+oL?uo+u#+o!aE+eoioti4ueEE+|E+CE+-oC+o+uoeat#+tUaE+uE+uN+iuL4uucE|fE+iuootc|uANuu!*?CpCe
*+Ouy>uo+u#+o!ao>|E|ArCLE+uE+urCYoAirCLtofoa+oa?uLfrCYtUat+Aoa+E|i*<|pCeoiUo||E|ioEAN+i*+OE|cE||ueEE+|rCL30*c|39o#UrCYtUao||o+aoeao#eN+io#euu|E+uE+4tUauo+u#+uCUo|aE+UoAirCL20*c|29o#UrCYE+Cua+N+io||E+C*|+*o2to#E+LrCLZE+uE+urCYoEuN+f*+yuy>oAioiUo||oeitUarCL30*c|39o#UrCYE+Cua+N+f*iNuy>oaeu!nN+ioeuo||E+iuy>ZE+uE+uuLeueCE+ioEiN+i*Ciuy>oUA*auo||o+atUaooRoo+N+ioc|tA#uo+u#+uCUo|atUa*+4oAypCe
E+i*+cN+irCL20*c|29o#UrCYooaE+oto#E|iE+|ZE+uE+uE|foN+N+iti<o<RuLeE|cte|*e#pCeE+uE+420ocao||tUaueEoo+oAat?io+oE+!N+i17o||uy>u#a*+coaUueouo+pCeo-4*i#E|Yueouo+tUaoa2o||N+iE+uE+4E+!uLCo||oo+tUaE+i*+cuy>13*c|21o#Uoy|u<|pCe2013*c|2014o||tn+E+U*+Eoe?ouA*|+E|au|iE|iuu|N+iE+uE+4uLConotUa19o#UN+iuLCo#AtUauei10o#UpCeoaeuy>*+OE+-t+AoAaN+io##oAioa|E+uo||o+ao#etUa*<#o+aonoE+itc+oEipCe
uL4uuctUaoeY*i+N+iuy>E+|E+uE+4uAAt+yuo+u#+uCUo|atUa*+<o+opCeoL?o<R*>Uuo#ui<uo>uiUE+iN+iuc|u+auNUtEa*ou*+OE+-E+uE+uoAiueaE+4tc+u>ouLeE+oE+ioEipCeE+NoAeuc|oci*aUtUaN+iE+uE+4oL?oo-E|coL#uu|E+AueaE+4o||u#iuLeE+ioEipCe
uL4uucoAatA#N+iZE+uE+uo||oYRuo+u#+oa+u+atUaE+Ct+nE||N+i*Ciuy>oAioa|E+uE+uE+uE+Cua+N+io>|uo+u#+uafoa|*|uE+AE+iuafoa|*|utUaE||N+ioa|u>oE+ioeao+ao||u#iuLete|oe2E|ionapCeu!nonuN+iE+uE+4tUauo+u#+uoe*a+uafoAiuo+u#+E+iE++o||oYc*Ci*?CN+iE|foAioa|E+uE+uE+uu#iuLeuy+*auo+<oe2pCeoo>E+Cte|oe2E|ionaoL?E|AN+iZE+uE+uuo+u#+uoe*a+uaf*+aE+A*CaN+ioa|uo+u#+E+iE++*+yuy>u>ooa|E+uE+uE+uo2yE+CE|cpCeE|fo##uy>*>|N+iZE+uE+uoi|E++uLeoa?oeaE||o>|E|Auo+u#+uLetoiuuau|oo+#ooitUarCLuuaoecuafrCYN+iE+aua+uaAtc+E+itc+E+iuo+u#+E+ooe|tUaE||*+yuy>u>ooa|E+uE+uE+uuYNo+uonUpCe
oL?u#aE++*>aE++uu|oYoN+iZE+uE+uo>|E|AoA#u|+o+ooeiu#aE++t?io|atUa*>aE++o||oYc*Ci*?Co+eo2yN+iE+ouLeoa2ueEo>|E|Au#aE++uafoe#u+iuaApCe*+OuaAoa|*auE+uE+4onUuo#tUati<*<ntfNoe#oA#u|+o+ooeio+eu#aE++N+iuO<oUiE|fu+iuaAu#aE++tA#oa|pCeoA-uy>oL?u#aE++t?io|a0-10ocA*i?E+e*<nE+|rCLoYRo++u#aE++N+e10N+erCYtUau>oE+iuy>oEaE+uE+uuLCE+AtUaN+iuaAoa|*auE+uE+4o||oYRoEao<Uu#aE++tA#oa|N+iE|f*<+uy>o>|u#aE++oAao#ouLerCLuc|oN+rCYtUauLfo+aN+iocau!n*+ao#aE||t+OE|erCLu+ioearCYtUauRU*c|*>aE++pCe
uLCoEAN+iZE+uE+uo>|E|Au#aE++E+ooe|tUaoYUuiUN+iE+Aoa|E+uE+uE+utc+u>oo||u#iuLete|oe2*uao+#pCeuafoa|E+uE+uE+uuy>rCLo2yuo+u#+uoe*a+uafpCUo2yuo+u#+E+iE++rCYtUao+a*>UoRiu#aE+uoYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|tUau>oE+iuLCo2yN+iE+aZE+uE+uoi|uy>rCLo2yuo+u#+uoe*a+uafpCUE+Auo+u#+E+iE++rCYtUaueu*<<oRiu#aE+uoYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|tUau>oE+iuLCo2ypCeE|fo##uy>*>|N+i*+OE|coi|E++o>|E|Auo+u#+tA>ooaE+iuCAE|eE+iE++N+iE+i*<nE+|*c-o+#*a+o+#ooiuo+u#+N+io+auLerCLue|oenuCo*|?rCYtUao||*++E||N+ioL?oEiE+uE+uE+!oYUuiUu#aE++E+ooe|tUau>oE+iuLCo2ypCe*+OE+Cte|ti<o<RuLeoe2E|Aoa|E+uE+uE+upCe
uL4uuct>co|auLeoOEN+iE|fo+iuLc*UUtaaE|Auo+u#+uCUo|aN+iocau!no>|E|AoA#u|+uo+u#+o!aE+!t+Aoa+tUauo+u#+oeau!ooaet+fti4t2ioL|E+Auo+oaUuo>uiUt!eN+io||uL-*auoo?pCeu!nonuN+ito#E|ATEDS2024uy>2024o||uC+t+foCeE++t+ouYfoEAtUa*#aufNN+i*Ci2024E+ioieo||*c|2025o||E+!oA#u|+uo+u#+tA>ooaE|fuLeE+io#AoAyoiuN+iu#aE+utUauo+u#+uCUo|aE|foA>*a+oAatof*+4oAypCe*+OE|coOEoe|N+iE+ioi+oEa*>+*Cao+a*>UoaetfNpCe
u|?1N+UuRutA<o-+pCUoaaonO*e4pCUtAio++*e#N+i2020N+ipCeoA#u|+*<noEitUaE+uE+uo+<o+eE+AueotN?ueeui-rCoE+N2016o||uC+t+foCeE++E+|E+ipCeN+ipCeoCeE++taot-|pCiN+i27(1): 85-124pCe
u|?2N+UTabassum. Sidra, Muddasar Ghani Khwaja and Umer Zaman. rCLCan narrative advertisement and eWOM influence generation Z purchase intentions?rCY Information 11(12): 545-560.
u|?3N+UuL4uucE++to?*|auuOoa?oa?t|+occ*c-rCL2020o||*c|2024o||rCyoA#u|+oCeE++E+Au#aE++oiu*#aufNrCOocco||uLftaot-|*oaoeAN+e4/4N+eN+U2024o||uC+t+fE+At2iu|oooooayoCeE++oYo*<+uierCY(TEDS2024)N+eMOST 109-2740-H-004 -004 -SS4N+epCerCLoA#u|+oCeE++E+Au#aE++oiu*#aufNrCYN+eTEDSN+eonUo||uLf*<ioeAuC+oA4ocaE||E+|oc+t2iuo+u#+onoo!aoOeoOa*+etaot-|oayN+iTEDS2024E+|oAeo>|2024o||uC+t+fE+At2iu|oooooayoCeE++ueo*iiE|io||o|a*<ioeAN+i*<ioeAE++uiUE||E+|oOeoOa*+etaot-|oayN+c*>at+a*|auuO*>+oAeoyaTEDSt+aoi|N+Uhttp://teds.nccu.edu.twpCeE+L*Cauaf*#oE+e*+#uL|uRaoAeE||oayuAEE+c*|auuOoiAoe-N+iuafuL4uucE|ioaao<|uaeto#E+L*Ca*c-*ii*|f*|upCe
u|?4N+UoOeoOa*+eN+i2009N+ipCeE+iE++pCUuoe*a+E+A*iioe?N+U*ouuREu#aE+uE+|E+ouo>uiUt|o*i2oacueuui|ueUu|+oe?pCeN+i*++E|ApCeoa4u#aE+Auo+u#+*iioe?N+Uo<R*>UE+A*oa*iaE|iou|tUao>|*>YpCiN+io+ataAo+|E++t+uN+ioi|183-214N+ioA#oiuN+UE+!on<taot-|oOoE||uuctn+E+Utoao!ataot-|E+!o+auo+u#+uCYua|taot-|E+oooyE+!o+apCe
oOeoOa*+epCUuY?*||N+i2018N+ipCetn+E+U*+4oRiuLfE+!oc+u#aE+uuo+u#+oC+oEatUauiUt+!E+AoAy*+UN+UE+CE+-t#+oRio!atUaoeauREpCeN+ipCeE+!oc+onooOataot-|pCiN+i61(3): 1-32pCe
u|?5N+UZE+uE+uE+At441E+uE+uuuCo<Ut+ouRLE+|-c2 = 2.986, df = 1, p = 0.084N+cE+At442E+uE+uuuCo<Ut+ouRLE+|-c2 = 6.917, df = 1, p = 0.009*N+cE+At443E+uE+uuuCo<Ut+ouRLE+|-c2 = 4.868, df = 1, p = 0.0.027N+cE+At444E+uE+uuuCo<Ut+ouRLE+|-c2 = 3.102, df = 1, p = 0.078pCe
Sun, 21 Dec 2025 00:11:40 -0000
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