• conservation laws (was: usenet weirdness)

    From ram@ram@zedat.fu-berlin.de (Stefan Ram) to sci.electronics.design,sci.physics on Tue Feb 10 16:56:22 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.physics

    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote or quoted:
    E = mc^2
    Exactly. Mass/energy conversion is one way to create or destroy some
    mass in my cannonball.

    "E = mc^2" does not mean, "Mass can be converted to energy and/or
    vice versa". It means, "When the momentum of a system is zero,
    its energy is its mass (up to a conversation factor of c^2).".

    In general, the formula for a non-zero momentum p is (with c=1):

    E^2 = m^2 + p^2,

    and since E and p are conserved, m must also be conserved. So this
    tells us, "Mass is conserved.", exactly the opposite of, "Mass can
    be converted . . .".

    Any nonzero effect, no matter how small, would still be real.

    Well, I mentioned "Boltzmann brains" here (in
    sci.electronics.design) recently, but their energy would not
    suddenly come from "nothing" or violations of conservation
    but be redistributed from the surrounding equilibrium state.

    |It is often said that the uncertainty principle means energy
    |is not strictly conserved in quantum mechanics - that you're
    |allowed to "borrow" energy delta E, as long as you "pay it
    |back" in a time delta t approximately hbar / (2 delta E);
    |the greater the violation, the briefer the period over which
    |it can occur. Now, there are many legitimate readings of the
    |energy-time uncertainty principle, but this is not one of
    |them. Nowhere does quantum mechanics license violation of
    |energy conservation, and certainly no such authorization
    |entered into the derivation of Equation 3.76.
    |But the uncertainty principle is extraordinarily robust: It
    |can be misused without leading to seriously incorrect
    |results, and as a consequence physicists are in the habit of
    |applying it rather carelessly.
    |
    Section "3.5.3 The Energy-Time Uncertainty Principle" in
    "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics" (2018) - David J. Griffiths

    Newsgroups: sci.electronics.design,sci.physics
    Followup-To: sci.physics
    Subject changed


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  • From Thomas 'PointedEars' Lahn@PointedEars@web.de to sci.physics on Tue Feb 10 18:44:16 2026
    From Newsgroup: sci.physics

    Stefan Ram wrote:
    john larkin <jl@glen--canyon.com> wrote or quoted:
    E = mc^2
    Exactly. Mass/energy conversion is one way to create or destroy some
    mass in my cannonball.

    "E = mc^2" does not mean, "Mass can be converted to energy and/or
    vice versa". It means, "When the momentum of a system is zero,
    its energy is its mass (up to a conversation factor of c^2).".

    Correct.

    In general, the formula for a non-zero momentum p is (with c=1):

    E^2 = m^2 + p^2,

    Yes.

    and since E and p are conserved, m must also be conserved.

    No, that is precisely what it does NOT mean.

    So this
    tells us, "Mass is conserved.",

    No.
    --
    PointedEars

    Twitter: @PointedEars2
    Please do not cc me. / Bitte keine Kopien per E-Mail.
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