• Prolog formally resolves the Liar Paradox

    From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog on Thu Jan 8 17:28:22 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    When you write LP = not(true(LP)) you are defining LP
    in terms of itself with no base case. If you try to
    expand the structure, you get:
    not(true(not(true(not(true(not(true(rCa))))))))

    The expansion never bottoms out. It is an infinite
    regress. Most Prolog systems will show a cyclic term
    if you run:?- LP = not(true(LP)).

    But this is only a compact representation. It is not
    a wellrCafounded term in the ISO sense.

    If you enforce the ISO occurs check:
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    you get: false.

    OccursrCacheck failure has a precise meaning:
    the unification would create a nonrCawellrCafounded term
    whose structure expands forever. ISO Prolog requires
    all terms to be finite and wellrCafounded, so the
    unification must fail.

    For nonrCaProlog programmers: occursrCacheck failure means
    the system was about to build a data structure that
    expands forever. No finite machine can represent that
    safely. If Prolog actually tried to expand it, it would
    recurse until it ran out of memory. So Prolog correctly
    rejects it.

    Conclusion: LP = not(true(LP)) is formally illrCafounded
    in PrologrCOs term model. Its structural expansion is
    infinite, it violates the wellrCafoundedness requirement for
    terms, and unify_with_occurs_check/2 correctly detects
    this. Because the term cannot be wellrCafounded, it cannot
    be assigned a truth value in any wellrCafounded interpretation.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>

    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog on Fri Jan 9 12:03:33 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog on Fri Jan 9 09:53:50 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.


    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Conclusion: LP = not(true(LP)) is formally illrCafounded
    in PrologrCOs term model. Its structural expansion is
    infinite, it violates the wellrCafoundedness requirement for
    terms, and unify_with_occurs_check/2 correctly detects
    this. Because the term cannot be wellrCafounded, it cannot
    be assigned a truth value in any wellrCafounded interpretation.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog on Sat Jan 10 11:02:47 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sat Jan 10 10:11:17 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 12:26:22 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about >>>> programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog on Sun Jan 11 07:39:13 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/8/26 6:28 PM, olcott wrote:
    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    When you write LP = not(true(LP)) you are defining LP
    in terms of itself with no base case. If you try to
    expand the structure, you get: not(true(not(true(not(true(not(true(rCa))))))))

    And when you write x = 3x + 4, you sort of do the same thing, only mathematics, being more powerful than Prolog, knows how to handle it.


    The expansion never bottoms out. It is an infinite
    regress. Most Prolog systems will show a cyclic term
    if you run:?- LP = not(true(LP)).

    Because Prolog only defines simple substitution, and not analysis.

    While that particular sentence has no valid truth value, other similar
    ones can.

    A := true;

    P := not (True(P)) or True(A)

    DOES have a valid truth value.


    But this is only a compact representation. It is not
    a wellrCafounded term in the ISO sense.

    Because Prolog defines such a self-reference as undefined.


    If you enforce the ISO occurs check:
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    you get: false.

    OccursrCacheck failure has a precise meaning:
    the unification would create a nonrCawellrCafounded term
    whose structure expands forever. ISO Prolog requires
    all terms to be finite and wellrCafounded, so the
    unification must fail.

    For nonrCaProlog programmers: occursrCacheck failure means
    the system was about to build a data structure that
    expands forever. No finite machine can represent that
    safely. If Prolog actually tried to expand it, it would
    recurse until it ran out of memory. So Prolog correctly
    rejects it.

    No, it means that the expression, while being expanded added a cycle to
    its definition.


    Conclusion: LP = not(true(LP)) is formally illrCafounded
    in PrologrCOs term model. Its structural expansion is
    infinite, it violates the wellrCafoundedness requirement for
    terms, and unify_with_occurs_check/2 correctly detects
    this. Because the term cannot be wellrCafounded, it cannot
    be assigned a truth value in any wellrCafounded interpretation.


    So?

    SInce "Prolog" isn't the defined logic model for most of logic, that
    Prolog doesn't like it means little.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 08:25:25 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough about >>>>> programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any contradiction >>> with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics:
    truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a
    non-well-founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski
    object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value. Outline
    of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 12:52:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough
    about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value. Outline
    of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@NoOne@NoWhere.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 16:52:30 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough >>>>>>> about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics. >>> Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics:
    truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski
    object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value.
    Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    for correct reasoning.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@NoOne@NoWhere.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 19:38:39 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough >>>>>>> about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics. >>> Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics:
    truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski
    object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value.
    Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T is
    defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together with
    all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules. The
    statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are exactly
    the statements that are true-in-T.rCY

    rCLG||delrCOs incompleteness theorems apply only to formal systems that are recursively axiomatizable and employ an external, model-theoretic notion
    of truth. The present framework does not require recursive
    axiomatizability and defines truth proof-theoretically as membership in
    the closure of the stipulated base. Because these assumptions fall
    outside the scope of G||delrCOs theorems, the system can be both expressive enough for full arithmetic and complete with respect to its internal
    notion of truth.rCY

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    for correct reasoning.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 22:37:48 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough >>>>>>>> about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means >>>>>>>> that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog
    semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY >>>
    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the
    Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth
    value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the
    logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.

    Not being able to prove a statement doesn't make it "not true", just not
    KNOWN true.

    This has always been your problem, confusing the KNOWLEDGE of the truth
    of a statement with the actual truth of the statement.

    If the system is good, we should never think a statement to be true that isn't, but there is always the possibility of not yet knowing if a
    statement is actually true yet, and even the possibility of NEVER being
    able to know the statement is true.

    Note, Godel's proof uses the fact that if we CAN create a proof for a statement, and the system is consistant, then the statement must be
    true. Which is what brings up the paradox you like to point out (as the converse) that if G was provable in the base system, then it would by necessity be false (since the proof creates a number that satisfies the relationship, making it false), and thus it is IMPOSSIBLE for such a
    proof in the base system to exist (if the base system is consistant),
    which forces G to be true, and unprovable in the base system.

    This logic only occurs in the meta-system which understands the meaning
    of the relationship, which is why there is the distinction between the
    base system and the meta-system.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@NoOne@NoWhere.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 21:42:38 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows
    enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means >>>>>>>>> that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway. >>>>>>>

    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog
    semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY >>>>
    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt. >>>>
    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the
    Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth
    value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the
    logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T is
    defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together with
    all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules. The
    statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are exactly
    the statements that are true-in-T.rCY reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    for correct reasoning.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@NoOne@NoWhere.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 21:45:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows
    enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means >>>>>>>>> that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway. >>>>>>>

    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog
    semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY >>>>
    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt. >>>>
    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the
    Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth
    value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the
    logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.

    Not being able to prove a statement doesn't make it "not true", just not KNOWN true.


    *Utterly disregarding Curry and Model Theory*
    *Utterly disregarding Curry and Model Theory*
    *Utterly disregarding Curry and Model Theory*

    My system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T is
    defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together with
    all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules. The
    statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are exactly
    the statements that are true-in-T: reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    for correct reasoning.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 23:00:28 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/26 10:42 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows >>>>>>>>>> enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure >>>>>>>>>> means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway. >>>>>>>>

    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog
    semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY >>>>>
    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well- >>>>> founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth- >>>>> apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the
    Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth
    value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the
    logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T is
    defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together with
    all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules. The statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are exactly
    the statements that are true-in-T.rCY reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))



    I think the issue is that this "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" can't
    actually handle systems like Peano Arithmatic.

    In that case, it doesn't refute Godel's incompleteness Theorem, as that
    had as its precondition that ability to support the defintions of the
    Natural Numbers.

    So, your problem is that, since you don't actually understand what any
    of these fields are actually doing, you don't know which ones are
    actualy applicable to the problem you want to deal with.

    Since "Computation Theory" has at its foundation things that need to
    have the properties of the Natural Numbers available, your systems that
    can't handle them are just not applicable.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@NoOne@NoWhere.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 22:33:30 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 10:00 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 10:42 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows >>>>>>>>>>> enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure >>>>>>>>>>> means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway. >>>>>>>>>

    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog
    semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs
    count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded >>>>>> semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-
    well- founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not
    truth- apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the
    Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth
    value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the
    logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true statements. >>>
    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined by
    inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T is
    defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together with
    all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules. The
    statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are
    exactly the statements that are true-in-T.rCY reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo
    x))



    I think the issue is that this "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" can't
    actually handle systems like Peano Arithmatic.


    It turns out that they can and much much more. So what
    I have been saying all these years is about G||del is
    essentially "Proof-Theoretic Semantics".

    In that case, it doesn't refute Godel's incompleteness Theorem, as that
    had as its precondition that ability to support the defintions of the Natural Numbers.

    So, your problem is that, since you don't actually understand what any
    of these fields are actually doing, you don't know which ones are
    actualy applicable to the problem you want to deal with.

    Since "Computation Theory" has at its foundation things that need to
    have the properties of the Natural Numbers available, your systems that can't handle them are just not applicable.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott

    My 28 year goal has been to make
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"
    reliably computable.

    This required establishing a new foundation
    for correct reasoning.
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 16:51:17 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough >>>>>>> about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics. >>> Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics:
    truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski
    object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value.
    Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Sun Jan 11 16:49:50 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough >>>>>>> about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics. >>> Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics:
    truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded
    semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-well-
    founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine
    contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not truth-apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the Tarski
    object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth value.
    Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Mikko@mikko.levanto@iki.fi to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Jan 12 12:36:15 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 11/01/2026 16:25, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY. >>>>>>
    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows enough
    about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure means that >>>>>> the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any
    contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.

    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs count.rCY

    Prolog is a programming language. It has features that do not correspond
    to proof-tehoretic concepts. In addition, at some points its semantics
    differs from proof-tehoretic semantics. One such point is unification.
    By truth-theoretic semantics X = a(X) fails. By Prolog semantics an implementation need not check whether an unificaion creates a loop in
    the data structure. Consequentely, X = a(X) may fail or succeed by
    Prolog semantics. In most implementations it succeeds. But the Prolog
    semantics don't promise that the resulting cyclic structure does not
    cause failure or error or eternal loop.
    --
    Mikko
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Jan 12 06:56:38 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/11/26 11:33 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 10:00 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 10:42 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows >>>>>>>>>>>> enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure >>>>>>>>>>>> means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any >>>>>>>>>> contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" anyway. >>>>>>>>>>

    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog >>>>>>>> semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic
    semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs
    count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded >>>>>>> semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non-
    well- founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine >>>>>>> contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not
    truth- apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional
    Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the >>>>>>> Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth >>>>>>> value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't the >>>>>> logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true
    statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined
    by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T
    is defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together
    with all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules.
    The statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are
    exactly the statements that are true-in-T.rCY reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T
    reo x))



    I think the issue is that this "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" can't
    actually handle systems like Peano Arithmatic.


    It turns out that they can and much much more. So what
    I have been saying all these years is about G||del is
    essentially "Proof-Theoretic Semantics".

    Considering your history, you got anything that supports that claim?


    In that case, it doesn't refute Godel's incompleteness Theorem, as
    that had as its precondition that ability to support the defintions of
    the Natural Numbers.

    So, your problem is that, since you don't actually understand what any
    of these fields are actually doing, you don't know which ones are
    actualy applicable to the problem you want to deal with.

    Since "Computation Theory" has at its foundation things that need to
    have the properties of the Natural Numbers available, your systems
    that can't handle them are just not applicable.



    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Jan 12 08:05:20 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/12/2026 5:56 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 11:33 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 10:00 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 10:42 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows >>>>>>>>>>>>> enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the predicate >>>>>>>>>>>>> unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure >>>>>>>>>>>>> means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that point. >>>>>>>>>>>
    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any >>>>>>>>>>> contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" >>>>>>>>>>> anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog >>>>>>>>> semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic >>>>>>>> semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs >>>>>>>> count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded >>>>>>>> semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non- >>>>>>>> well- founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine >>>>>>>> contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not
    truth- apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional >>>>>>>> Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the >>>>>>>> Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth >>>>>>>> value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't
    the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true
    statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined >>>> by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory T
    is defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements together
    with all expressions derivable from them under the inference rules.
    The statements belonging to T constitute its theorems, and these are
    exactly the statements that are true-in-T.rCY reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T
    reo x))



    I think the issue is that this "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" can't
    actually handle systems like Peano Arithmatic.


    It turns out that they can and much much more. So what
    I have been saying all these years is about G||del is
    essentially "Proof-Theoretic Semantics".

    Considering your history, you got anything that supports that claim?


    Why PA is fully expressible in this system
    Peano Arithmetic (PA) fits perfectly into this framework because:
    PA is a recursively axiomatized theory with a finite set of primitive
    symbols.

    Its axioms and inference rules are finitary and syntactic, exactly the
    kind of rules this system treats as meaning-giving.

    Every PA proof is a finite, well-founded derivation, so PArCOs theorems
    are automatically rCLtrue-in-PArCY in this sense.

    PArCOs refutations (proofs of negations) are likewise finite, so PArCOs falsehoods are rCLfalse-in-PArCY.

    PArCOs independent sentences (G||del, Rosser, ParisrCoHarrington, etc.) naturally fall into the non-well-founded category, since their
    inferential roles cannot be grounded within PArCOs proof system.

    Nothing in PA requires model-theoretic truth, infinite structures, or
    semantic notions beyond what this system provides. PArCOs entire content rCo its syntax, its proofs, its derivations, and its independence phenomena
    rCo is fully captured by these three proof-theoretic statuses.

    In short: PA is fully expressible because everything PA does is already proof-theoretic, and this systemrCOs semantics is defined entirely in proof-theoretic terms.


    In that case, it doesn't refute Godel's incompleteness Theorem, as
    that had as its precondition that ability to support the defintions
    of the Natural Numbers.

    So, your problem is that, since you don't actually understand what
    any of these fields are actually doing, you don't know which ones are
    actualy applicable to the problem you want to deal with.

    Since "Computation Theory" has at its foundation things that need to
    have the properties of the Natural Numbers available, your systems
    that can't handle them are just not applicable.



    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog,comp.software-eng on Mon Jan 12 15:41:27 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    How The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs

    of (Van Gelder, Ross & Schlipf, 1991)
    Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,
    volume 38, number 3, pp. 620{650 (1991). https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/%7Eavg/Papers/wf.pdf

    handle the Liar Paradox when we construe
    non-well-founded / undefined as not a truth-bearer?

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    WFS assigns undefined to self-referential paradoxes
    without external support.

    When we interpret undefined as lack of truth-bearer
    status the Liar sentence fails to be about anything
    that can bear truth values

    The paradox dissolves - there's no contradiction
    because there's no genuine proposition

    This is actually similar to how some philosophers
    (like the "gap theorists") handle the Liar: sentences
    that fail to achieve determinate truth conditions
    simply aren't truth-bearers. WFS's undefined value
    provides a formal mechanism for identifying exactly
    these cases.

    A Subtle Point The occurs-check failure in Prolog is
    slightly different from WFS's undefined assignment -
    it's a structural constraint on term formation. But
    both point to the same insight: circular, unsupported
    self-reference doesn't create genuine semantic content.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog,comp.software-eng on Mon Jan 12 22:16:40 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/12/26 4:41 PM, olcott wrote:
    How The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs

    of (Van Gelder, Ross & Schlipf, 1991)
    Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,
    volume 38, number 3, pp. 620{650 (1991). https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/%7Eavg/Papers/wf.pdf

    handle the Liar Paradox when we construe
    non-well-founded / undefined as not a truth-bearer?

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    WFS assigns undefined to self-referential paradoxes
    without external support.

    When we interpret undefined as lack of truth-bearer
    status the Liar sentence fails to be about anything
    that can bear truth values

    The paradox dissolves - there's no contradiction
    because there's no genuine proposition

    This is actually similar to how some philosophers
    (like the "gap theorists") handle the Liar: sentences
    that fail to achieve determinate truth conditions
    simply aren't truth-bearers. WFS's undefined value
    provides a formal mechanism for identifying exactly
    these cases.

    A Subtle Point The occurs-check failure in Prolog is
    slightly different from WFS's undefined assignment -
    it's a structural constraint on term formation. But
    both point to the same insight: circular, unsupported
    self-reference doesn't create genuine semantic content.




    I thought you said that no one in the past handled the liar paradox?

    I guess you are just admitting you are just a liar.


    Note, since Prolog's logic is not sufficient to handle PA, your argument
    here doesn't affect the logic system that you are trying to argue about,
    and you are just showing that you don't understand that difference.

    Many system can handle some self-references, which Prolog, and yours, can't. --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@news.x.richarddamon@xoxy.net to comp.lang.prolog,comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.ai.philosophy on Mon Jan 12 22:16:53 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/12/26 9:05 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/12/2026 5:56 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 11:33 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 10:00 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 10:42 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 9:37 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 5:52 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 11:52 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/11/26 9:25 AM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/11/2026 4:26 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 10/01/2026 18:11, olcott wrote:
    On 1/10/2026 3:02 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 17:53, olcott wrote:
    On 1/9/2026 4:03 AM, Mikko wrote:
    On 09/01/2026 01:28, olcott wrote:

    Non-programmers and non-Prolog programmers only
    understand OccursrCacheck failure as rCLProlog doesnrCOt like itrCY.

    I don't know about non-programmers but everyone who knows >>>>>>>>>>>>>> enough about
    programming to be able to read the definition of the >>>>>>>>>>>>>> predicate
    unify_with_occurs_check/2 can understand that its failure >>>>>>>>>>>>>> means that
    the programmer does not like a cyclic structure at that >>>>>>>>>>>>>> point.

    That is so stupidly wrong that it must be dishonest.

    Prolog is what the standard says it is. You don't show any >>>>>>>>>>>> contradiction
    with the Prolog standard but dishonesstly say "dishonest" >>>>>>>>>>>> anyway.


    I could not get a copy of the standard to prove
    that I am correct its costs $600.

    Here is the Clocksin & Mellish page
    https://www.liarparadox.org/Clocksin&Mellish.pdf

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in
    the well-founded semantics of logic programming,
    the Liar is rejected as a non-well-founded goal.rCY

    That is about the proof-theoretic semantics, not about Prolog >>>>>>>>>> semantics.
    Only Prolog semantics is defined in the standard.


    rCLProlog is an operational implementation of proof-theoretic >>>>>>>>> semantics: truth is derivability, and only well-founded proofs >>>>>>>>> count.rCY

    rCLIn proof-theoretic semantics, as reflected in the well-founded >>>>>>>>> semantics of logic programming, the Liar is rejected as a non- >>>>>>>>> well- founded goal.rCY

    In proof-theoretic semantics, the Liar Paradox is not a genuine >>>>>>>>> contradiction but a non-well-founded construct, and thus not >>>>>>>>> truth- apt.

    Proof Theoretic Semantics is not the same as Truth Conditional >>>>>>>>> Semantics.

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    This is similar to semantically ungrounded (Kripke 1975) at the >>>>>>>>> Tarski object language level thus cannot be resolved to a truth >>>>>>>>> value. Outline of a Theory of Truth --- Saul Kripke


    And the problem is that your "Proof Theoretic Semantics" isn't >>>>>>>> the logic domain of the problems you want to talk about.

    It turns out that [Proof Theoretic Semantics] anchored in

    -a-a A theory (over {E}) is defined as a conceptual class of
    -a-a these elementary statements. Let {T} be such a theory.
    -a-a Then the elementary statements which belong to {T} we
    -a-a shall call the elementary theorems of {T}; we also say
    -a-a that these elementary statements are true for {T}. Thus,
    -a-a given {T}, an elementary theorem is an elementary
    -a-a statement which is true. A theory is thus a way of
    -a-a picking out from the statements of {E} a certain
    -a-a subclass of true statementsrCa
    Curry, Haskell 1977. Foundations of Mathematical
    Logic. New York: Dover Publications, 45

    Is the foundation of the system that I have been
    talking about all of these years making
    reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))
    and G||del Incompleteness impossible.


    Nope. Read the last line, it say it allows picking out a certain
    SUBCLASS of true statemensts, not that it picks out ALL true
    statements.

    Proof SHOWS the statement to be true.


    rCLThe system adopts Proof-Theoretic Semantics: meaning is determined >>>>> by inferential role, and truth is internal to the theory. A theory
    T is defined by a finite set of stipulated atomic statements
    together with all expressions derivable from them under the
    inference rules. The statements belonging to T constitute its
    theorems, and these are exactly the statements that are true-in-T.rCY >>>>> reCx ree T ((True(T, x) rei (T reo x))



    I think the issue is that this "Proof-Theoretic Semantics" can't
    actually handle systems like Peano Arithmatic.


    It turns out that they can and much much more. So what
    I have been saying all these years is about G||del is
    essentially "Proof-Theoretic Semantics".

    Considering your history, you got anything that supports that claim?


    Why PA is fully expressible in this system
    Peano Arithmetic (PA) fits perfectly into this framework because:
    PA is a recursively axiomatized theory with a finite set of primitive symbols.

    Its axioms and inference rules are finitary and syntactic, exactly the
    kind of rules this system treats as meaning-giving.

    Every PA proof is a finite, well-founded derivation, so PArCOs theorems
    are automatically rCLtrue-in-PArCY in this sense.

    PArCOs refutations (proofs of negations) are likewise finite, so PArCOs falsehoods are rCLfalse-in-PArCY.

    PArCOs independent sentences (G||del, Rosser, ParisrCoHarrington, etc.) naturally fall into the non-well-founded category, since their
    inferential roles cannot be grounded within PArCOs proof system.

    No they don't. Where did Godel, etc break the inferential rules of PA?

    (Not where does a side comment not follow the rules, where in the ACTUAL PROOF, does Godel break the inference rules.)

    Your inability to understand the logic doesn't make it invalid, it just
    shows that you are limited in your understanding.

    One issue with your claim, is that if Godel is breaking the rules, then
    the relationship between proofs and programs is also invalid, and thus
    you whole idea of "computing truth" has to be thrown out.


    Nothing in PA requires model-theoretic truth, infinite structures, or semantic notions beyond what this system provides. PArCOs entire content rCo its syntax, its proofs, its derivations, and its independence phenomena
    rCo is fully captured by these three proof-theoretic statuses.

    Sure it does. It is a FACT that either a number exists or doesn't exist
    that satisfies some criteria. There can not be something in between. The determination of this, might require looking at the whole model of the
    number system.

    An example would be does an even number, greater than 2, exist that
    isn't the sum of two primes. Perfectly valid quiestion in PA. We haven't
    been able to prove that it exists or that it doesn't, and thus the truth
    may only be determined by looking at the full infinite model.

    Your stupidity in not seeing this, doesn't make it not true.


    In short: PA is fully expressible because everything PA does is already proof-theoretic, and this systemrCOs semantics is defined entirely in proof-theoretic terms.

    But, there are truths in PA that are not provable, so your claim just
    shows you don't actually know what you are talking about.



    In that case, it doesn't refute Godel's incompleteness Theorem, as
    that had as its precondition that ability to support the defintions
    of the Natural Numbers.

    So, your problem is that, since you don't actually understand what
    any of these fields are actually doing, you don't know which ones
    are actualy applicable to the problem you want to deal with.

    Since "Computation Theory" has at its foundation things that need to
    have the properties of the Natural Numbers available, your systems
    that can't handle them are just not applicable.






    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog,comp.software-eng on Mon Jan 12 22:46:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/12/2026 9:16 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/12/26 4:41 PM, olcott wrote:
    How The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs

    of (Van Gelder, Ross & Schlipf, 1991)
    Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,
    volume 38, number 3, pp. 620{650 (1991).
    https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/%7Eavg/Papers/wf.pdf

    handle the Liar Paradox when we construe
    non-well-founded / undefined as not a truth-bearer?

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    WFS assigns undefined to self-referential paradoxes
    without external support.

    When we interpret undefined as lack of truth-bearer
    status the Liar sentence fails to be about anything
    that can bear truth values

    The paradox dissolves - there's no contradiction
    because there's no genuine proposition

    This is actually similar to how some philosophers
    (like the "gap theorists") handle the Liar: sentences
    that fail to achieve determinate truth conditions
    simply aren't truth-bearers. WFS's undefined value
    provides a formal mechanism for identifying exactly
    these cases.

    A Subtle Point The occurs-check failure in Prolog is
    slightly different from WFS's undefined assignment -
    it's a structural constraint on term formation. But
    both point to the same insight: circular, unsupported
    self-reference doesn't create genuine semantic content.




    I thought you said that no one in the past handled the liar paradox?


    That is no one in the past handling the Liar Paradox.
    That all happened today.

    I guess you are just admitting you are just a liar.


    Note, since Prolog's logic is not sufficient to handle PA,

    I never said it was. A formal system anchored in
    Proof Theoretic Semantics is powerful enough.

    your argument
    here doesn't affect the logic system that you are trying to argue about,
    and you are just showing that you don't understand that difference.

    Many system can handle some self-references, which Prolog, and yours,
    can't.
    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Richard Damon@Richard@Damon-Family.org to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog,comp.software-eng on Tue Jan 13 07:10:04 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/12/26 11:46 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/12/2026 9:16 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/12/26 4:41 PM, olcott wrote:
    How The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs

    of (Van Gelder, Ross & Schlipf, 1991)
    Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,
    volume 38, number 3, pp. 620{650 (1991).
    https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/%7Eavg/Papers/wf.pdf

    handle the Liar Paradox when we construe
    non-well-founded / undefined as not a truth-bearer?

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    WFS assigns undefined to self-referential paradoxes
    without external support.

    When we interpret undefined as lack of truth-bearer
    status the Liar sentence fails to be about anything
    that can bear truth values

    The paradox dissolves - there's no contradiction
    because there's no genuine proposition

    This is actually similar to how some philosophers
    (like the "gap theorists") handle the Liar: sentences
    that fail to achieve determinate truth conditions
    simply aren't truth-bearers. WFS's undefined value
    provides a formal mechanism for identifying exactly
    these cases.

    A Subtle Point The occurs-check failure in Prolog is
    slightly different from WFS's undefined assignment -
    it's a structural constraint on term formation. But
    both point to the same insight: circular, unsupported
    self-reference doesn't create genuine semantic content.




    I thought you said that no one in the past handled the liar paradox?


    That is no one in the past handling the Liar Paradox.
    That all happened today.

    So, today is 1991?


    I guess you are just admitting you are just a liar.


    Note, since Prolog's logic is not sufficient to handle PA,

    I never said it was. A formal system anchored in
    Proof Theoretic Semantics is powerful enough.

    Nope. It can't handle PA.


    your argument here doesn't affect the logic system that you are trying
    to argue about, and you are just showing that you don't understand
    that difference.

    Many system can handle some self-references, which Prolog, and yours,
    can't.



    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From olcott@polcott333@gmail.com to comp.theory,sci.logic,sci.math,comp.lang.prolog,comp.software-eng on Tue Jan 13 12:43:24 2026
    From Newsgroup: comp.theory

    On 1/13/2026 6:10 AM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/12/26 11:46 PM, olcott wrote:
    On 1/12/2026 9:16 PM, Richard Damon wrote:
    On 1/12/26 4:41 PM, olcott wrote:
    How The Well-Founded Semantics for General Logic Programs

    of (Van Gelder, Ross & Schlipf, 1991)
    Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery,
    volume 38, number 3, pp. 620{650 (1991).
    https://users.soe.ucsc.edu/%7Eavg/Papers/wf.pdf

    handle the Liar Paradox when we construe
    non-well-founded / undefined as not a truth-bearer?

    % This sentence is not true.
    ?- LP = not(true(LP)).
    LP = not(true(LP)).
    ?- unify_with_occurs_check(LP, not(true(LP))).
    false.

    WFS assigns undefined to self-referential paradoxes
    without external support.

    When we interpret undefined as lack of truth-bearer
    status the Liar sentence fails to be about anything
    that can bear truth values

    The paradox dissolves - there's no contradiction
    because there's no genuine proposition

    This is actually similar to how some philosophers
    (like the "gap theorists") handle the Liar: sentences
    that fail to achieve determinate truth conditions
    simply aren't truth-bearers. WFS's undefined value
    provides a formal mechanism for identifying exactly
    these cases.

    A Subtle Point The occurs-check failure in Prolog is
    slightly different from WFS's undefined assignment -
    it's a structural constraint on term formation. But
    both point to the same insight: circular, unsupported
    self-reference doesn't create genuine semantic content.




    I thought you said that no one in the past handled the liar paradox?


    That is no one in the past handling the Liar Paradox.
    That all happened today.

    So, today is 1991?


    The paper provides the basis for me to
    handle the Liar Paradox today. The Paper
    does not mention the Liar Paradox it
    only shows how to implement Proof Theoretic
    semantics in a logic programming system.


    I guess you are just admitting you are just a liar.


    Note, since Prolog's logic is not sufficient to handle PA,

    I never said it was. A formal system anchored in
    Proof Theoretic Semantics is powerful enough.

    Nope. It can't handle PA.


    It definitely can. I already showed you the details
    of how.


    your argument here doesn't affect the logic system that you are
    trying to argue about, and you are just showing that you don't
    understand that difference.

    Many system can handle some self-references, which Prolog, and yours,
    can't.



    --
    Copyright 2026 Olcott<br><br>

    My 28 year goal has been to make <br>
    "true on the basis of meaning expressed in language"<br>
    reliably computable.<br><br>

    This required establishing a new foundation<br>
    --- Synchronet 3.21a-Linux NewsLink 1.2