• Lengthy Execution by Nitrogen Gas in Alabama Renews Concerns Over Method

    From Big Mongo@mongo@biteme.com to alt.obituaries on Fri Oct 24 22:36:56 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/24/us/alabama-nitrogen-execution-anthony- boyd.html

    Lengthy Execution by Nitrogen Gas in Alabama Renews Concerns Over Method

    Anthony Boyd was the eighth person executed by nitrogen gas since Alabama began using the method last year. His execution came over the strenuous objection of three liberal Supreme Court justices.

    By Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs
    Oct. 24, 2025
    Updated 5:55 p.m. ET

    Alabama executed a man using nitrogen gas on Thursday night, causing him
    to gasp for an extended period of time and spurring more concerns over the execution method, which was used for the first time in the United States
    last year.

    The man, Anthony Boyd, 54, was put to death at a prison in Atmore, Ala.,
    for the 1993 killing of a man who had owed him and others money.

    The U.S. Supreme Court had declined to intervene, over the strenuous
    objection of the courtrCOs three liberal justices. In a dissent issued Thursday, Justice Sonia Sotomayor described nitrogen hypoxia as a rCLcruel form of executionrCY that should not be allowed to continue.

    Witnesses described seeing Mr. Boyd convulse and heave for about 15
    minutes before being pronounced dead about 15 minutes later. He was the
    eighth person killed by the use of nitrogen gas, which proponents of the method had said they hoped would be more humane than lethal injection,
    since Alabama first used it in January 2024.

    Prison officials there do not disclose exactly when they turn on the gas
    that flows into a prisonerrCOs mask, which makes it impossible to know
    exactly how long the execution takes. The protocol calls for keeping the nitrogen flowing for five minutes after a prisonerrCOs heart has stopped beating.

    rCLHe was sitting there, suffocating, trying to breathe for 19 minutes,rCY said the Rev. Jeff Hood, a spiritual adviser to Mr. Boyd who was in the execution chamber and has witnessed several other executions, including by nitrogen gas.

    Alabama became the first state to use nitrogen gas in an execution in
    January 2024, after it and other states had problems procuring the
    necessary drugs for lethal injections. Proponents of the method say that nitrogen hypoxia is less painful and less prone to error, but witnesses
    have at times described difficult-to-watch scenes in which prisoners
    writhe on the gurney before they are pronounced dead.

    Mr. Boyd had chosen the nitrogen method over lethal injection in 2018,
    when prisoners were given a month to choose. But he later challenged its
    use, arguing earlier this year in court that the method was cruel and that
    the staterCOs protocol was inadequate.

    Mr. Boyd had been convicted of murder in the 1993 group kidnapping and
    killing of Gregory Huguley, who purportedly had owed the group $200 for cocaine. A jury found that Mr. Boyd, who was 21 at the time, had
    participated in the kidnapping, in which Mr. Huguley was bound and taped
    to a park bench, where another member of the group doused him in gasoline
    and lit him on fire. The man who was convicted of lighting the fire
    remains on death row in Alabama.

    Mr. BoydrCOs execution was the 40th in the United States this year, the highest number since 2012, according to the Death Penalty Information
    Center. Six more are scheduled to take place before the year ends.

    Annual executions had been on a general decline since a peak of 98 in
    1999, but the number has risen significantly this year, driven in large
    part by Florida, which has executed 14 people. There is also new pressure
    from the Trump administration to pursue executions. On his first day in office, President Trump told the Justice Department to encourage state and local prosecutors to seek the death penalty for all capital crimes.

    Louisiana became the second state to use nitrogen in an execution in
    March. Three other states have also approved the method, but have not yet
    used it. Supporters say that it can be preferable to lethal injection, the method used in several botched executions, and that nitrogen is easier to procure.

    One state, South Carolina, has also employed the firing squad, a method
    used rarely in modern times, to kill two men on death row this year.

    In Alabama on Thursday, Gov. Kay Ivey, a Republican, issued a statement in which she described the harrowing nature of Mr. HugueleyrCOs death.

    Larry David Takes the Stage for an Amusing but Not-So-Revealing Chat
    rCLAfter 30 years on death row, Anthony BoydrCOs death sentence has been carried out, and his victimrCOs family has finally received justice,rCY she said.

    Mr. Hood, the spiritual adviser and a death penalty opponent, was also in
    the room for the January 2024 nitrogen execution, of Kenneth Smith, and
    said Mr. BoydrCOs execution had rCLmade KennyrCOs look tame.rCY

    John Hamm, the commissioner of AlabamarCOs prison system, acknowledged at a news conference that he believed ThursdayrCOs execution was the staterCOs longest by nitrogen but that he considered it to have followed the staterCOs protocol.

    Lee Hedgepeth, a journalist in Alabama who witnessed the execution, said
    he counted Mr. Boyd gasp for air more than 225 times before he was
    pronounced dead.

    Justice SotomayorrCOs dissenting opinion was joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Ketanji Brown Jackson. In it, Justice Sotomayor urged people to open
    the stopwatch app on their phone and run it until it reached four minutes.

    rCLNow imagine for that entire time, you are suffocating,rCY she wrote. rCLYou want to breathe; you have to breathe. But you are strapped to a gurney
    with a mask on your face pumping your lungs with nitrogen gas.rCY

    That, she warned, was what awaited Mr. Boyd.

    In Mr. BoydrCOs final statement from the gurney, according to Mr. Hedgepeth and reporters from The Associated Press and AL.com, he said that he was innocent and that he had not participated in killing anyone. He said that
    his execution was motivated by rCLrevengerCY and that it was not about closure rCLbecause closure comes from within.rCY

    rCLLetrCOs get it,rCY he concluded.

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  • From SURNAME@SURNAME@panix.removethispart.com (J.D. Baldwin) to alt.obituaries on Sat Oct 25 13:10:41 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries


    In the previous article, Big Mongo <mongo@biteme.com> wrote:
    Larry David Takes the Stage for an Amusing but Not-So-Revealing Chat

    No one's perfect, and this isn't a criticism of you, but you should
    skim through the original from which you cut-and-pasted this, looking
    for the inline ads that piggybacked in.

    As to the content, I'm not sure what to think. There is a distinct
    possibility that Boyd was faking the "gasping," for sure. N2 just
    doesn't have that physiological effect. There are other possibilities
    -- contaminated gas source, etc. Obviously there should be an
    investigation.
    --
    jd
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  • From Adam H. Kerman@ahk@chinet.com to alt.obituaries on Sat Oct 25 16:02:54 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    J.D. Baldwin <news@baldwin.users.panix.com> wrote:
    Big Mongo <mongo@biteme.com> wrote:

    Larry David Takes the Stage for an Amusing but Not-So-Revealing Chat

    No one's perfect, and this isn't a criticism of you, but you should
    skim through the original from which you cut-and-pasted this, looking
    for the inline ads that piggybacked in.

    This is criticism of you. Denying that criticism isn't criticism doesn't
    change reality. Also, it wasn't cut-n-paste but copy-n-paste.
    Cut-n-paste is what I did once when I was a suburban newspaper editor, literally cutting copy for layout then pasting it on the board used to
    prepare the plate for the web press.

    On a computer, cut-n-paste deletes the file from its former location
    after copying it to its new location.

    "Please don't copy the ads when reposting an article copied from the Web
    to Usenet" would have been perfectly polite.

    As to the content, I'm not sure what to think. There is a distinct >possibility that Boyd was faking the "gasping," for sure. N2 just
    doesn't have that physiological effect. There are other possibilities
    -- contaminated gas source, etc. Obviously there should be an
    investigation.

    Or how about the original criticism, that to make this method as lethal
    as quickly as possible and to keep the gas at a high enough concentration without leaking, the state literally needs to build a gas chamber?
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  • From Mark Shaw@mshaw@panix.com to alt.obituaries on Sat Oct 25 22:38:56 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    Adam H. Kerman <ahk@chinet.com> wrote:

    Or how about the original criticism, that to make this method as lethal
    as quickly as possible and to keep the gas at a high enough concentration without leaking, the state literally needs to build a gas chamber?

    I am not an expert in any relevant field (other than having taken
    more than a few physics classes), but it seems to me that using a
    chamber would be more effective and efficient than using a mask.

    So, in my opinion: yes.
    --
    Mark Shaw moc TOD liamg TA wahsnm ========================================================================
    "Anyway, we delivered the bomb."
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  • From SURNAME@SURNAME@panix.removethispart.com (J.D. Baldwin) to alt.obituaries on Sun Oct 26 01:39:10 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries


    In the previous article, Adam H. Kerman <ahk@chinet.com> wrote:
    This is criticism of you.

    <*yawn*>

    "Please don't copy the ads when reposting an article copied from the
    Web to Usenet" would have been perfectly polite.

    So your objection to my noting that it would be better to paste an
    article with the ads stripped out is that I ... didn't suggest that
    the ads be stripped out? Ohhhh...kayyyyyy ...

    Or how about the original criticism, that to make this method as
    lethal as quickly as possible and to keep the gas at a high enough concentration without leaking, the state literally needs to build a
    gas chamber?

    Now, this is something I do happen to know a little bit about. A NRB
    mask delivers 60-90% inspired concentration of the gas being delivered
    at 15 l/m. At the *low* end of that delivery range, the inspired gas
    is going to be 92% N2. That will always, always, always be lethal, and
    pretty quickly so. You will probably deliver more N2 -- again, even
    assuming the NRB is operating at the bottom of its range -- than you
    could in any "gas chamber" you could realistically construct. There is
    simply no reason for that.

    I'm certainly in favor of offering very heavy sedation to the
    condemned man if he wants it. That would mitiage any risk, though I'm absolutely befuddled about what happened here. N2 does not cause a
    sensation of suffocation -- quite the opposite. Google "nitrogen
    narcosis."
    --
    jd
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  • From Mark Shaw@mshaw@panix.com to alt.obituaries on Sun Oct 26 01:48:25 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    J.D. Baldwin <SURNAME@panix.removethispart.com> wrote:

    Now, this is something I do happen to know a little bit about. A NRB
    mask delivers 60-90% inspired concentration of the gas being delivered
    at 15 l/m. At the *low* end of that delivery range, the inspired gas
    is going to be 92% N2. That will always, always, always be lethal, and
    pretty quickly so. You will probably deliver more N2 -- again, even
    assuming the NRB is operating at the bottom of its range -- than you
    could in any "gas chamber" you could realistically construct. There is
    simply no reason for that.

    Interesting, and contrary to my crossthread guess. How do you keep
    the mask from leaking O2 - well, room air - into it? Or will such
    leakage simply not be enough to matter?

    Positive pressure differential? I think that that would make sense.
    --
    Mark Shaw moc TOD liamg TA wahsnm ========================================================================
    "Anyway, we delivered the bomb."
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  • From Adam H. Kerman@ahk@chinet.com to alt.obituaries on Sun Oct 26 02:01:12 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    J.D. Baldwin <news@baldwin.users.panix.com> wrote:
    Adam H. Kerman <ahk@chinet.com> wrote:

    This is criticism of you.

    <*yawn*>

    "Please don't copy the ads when reposting an article copied from the
    Web to Usenet" would have been perfectly polite.

    So your objection to my noting that it would be better to paste an
    article with the ads stripped out is that I ... didn't suggest that
    the ads be stripped out? Ohhhh...kayyyyyy ...

    I'm just saying, if you criticize, own it.

    Or how about the original criticism, that to make this method as
    lethal as quickly as possible and to keep the gas at a high enough >>concentration without leaking, the state literally needs to build a
    gas chamber?

    Now, this is something I do happen to know a little bit about. A NRB
    mask delivers 60-90% inspired concentration of the gas being delivered
    at 15 l/m. At the *low* end of that delivery range, the inspired gas
    is going to be 92% N2. That will always, always, always be lethal, and
    pretty quickly so. You will probably deliver more N2 -- again, even
    assuming the NRB is operating at the bottom of its range -- than you
    could in any "gas chamber" you could realistically construct. There is
    simply no reason for that.

    Ok. That sounds lethal. If done right, there's no way that shouldn't
    have worked.

    . . .
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  • From SURNAME@SURNAME@panix.removethispart.com (J.D. Baldwin) to alt.obituaries on Sun Oct 26 11:08:58 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries


    In the previous article, Mark Shaw <mshaw@panix.com> wrote:
    Interesting, and contrary to my crossthread guess. How do you keep
    the mask from leaking O2 - well, room air - into it? Or will such
    leakage simply not be enough to matter?

    Positive pressure differential? I think that that would make sense.

    Well, the masks are supposed to deliver O2, of course. And the idea is
    to increase the O2 "FI" (fraction inspired) of that gas. You're not
    *totally* excluding room air -- the high end of FI is 90% (not
    counting the 21% in the room air). I don't know that the mechanism is
    "positive pressure," because in the hundreds, maybe thousands, of
    times I've put a NRB on a patient, I never noticed that it was pushing
    air (so to speak) out of the sides of th mask. There's a little bag
    that may or may not inflate to some degree. There's an exhaust valve.

    The seal is never going to be perfect -- it's a lot stronger with a
    BVM (bag-valve mask, which you use to force air into the patient's
    lungs by squeezing a bag while someone else presses it against the
    patient's face). Still, I never really thought where that 10%-40% of
    room air is actually coming from, exactly. If you wore a NRB without
    an O2 line hooked up to it, and you kept it in place, I guess you
    *would* suffocate.
    --
    jd
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  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to alt.obituaries on Sun Oct 26 13:51:01 2025
    From Newsgroup: alt.obituaries

    In <10dkvga$n2b$1@reader2.panix.com> SURNAME@panix.removethispart.com (J.D. Baldwin) writes:
    [snip]

    The seal is never going to be perfect -- it's a lot stronger with a
    BVM (bag-valve mask, which you use to force air into the patient's
    lungs by squeezing a bag while someone else presses it against the
    patient's face). Still, I never really thought where that 10%-40% of
    room air is actually coming from, exactly. If you wore a NRB without
    an O2 line hooked up to it, and you kept it in place, I guess you
    *would* suffocate.

    In ye oldyne daize, an unhooked non-rebreather-mask was a potential "treatment" modality for someone experiencing "hyperventilation" and its associated issues. --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
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