• Re: Why aren't plumbing shutoffs quarter-turn on/off ball valves?

    From Clare Snyder@clare@snyder.on.ca to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 12:25:30 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 12:10:00 -0500, Maria Sophia
    <mariasophia@comprehension.com> wrote:

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.

    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 >years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off.

    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely >throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    Mine ARE all 1/4 turn. MOST installed around here in the last 10
    years or so are 1/4 turn.
    Before the Chinafication of the supply chain 1/4 turn valves were
    significantly more expensive than the standardt type so were seldom
    used.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From frank@"frank "@frank.net to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 13:29:26 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/4/2026 12:25 PM, Clare Snyder wrote:
    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 12:10:00 -0500, Maria Sophia <mariasophia@comprehension.com> wrote:

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.

    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100
    years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. >>
    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely
    throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'. >>
    So why are they ubiquitous?


    Mine ARE all 1/4 turn. MOST installed around here in the last 10
    years or so are 1/4 turn.
    Before the Chinafication of the supply chain 1/4 turn valves were significantly more expensive than the standardt type so were seldom
    used.

    I believe my newer ones are all also quarter turn. Old shutoff valves
    have been my recent plumbing problems with leaking and needing replacement.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Retirednoguilt@HapilyRetired@fakeaddress.com to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 14:44:45 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/4/2026 1:29 PM, Frank wrote:
    On 2/4/2026 12:25 PM, Clare Snyder wrote:
    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 12:10:00 -0500, Maria Sophia
    <mariasophia@comprehension.com> wrote:

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. >>>
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 >>> years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. >>>
    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves? >>>
    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely >>> throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'. >>>
    So why are they ubiquitous?


    Mine ARE all 1/4 turn. MOST installed around here in the last 10
    years or so are 1/4 turn.
    Before the Chinafication of the supply chain 1/4 turn valves were
    significantly more expensive than the standardt type so were seldom
    used.

    I believe my newer ones are all also quarter turn. Old shutoff valves
    have been my recent plumbing problems with leaking and needing replacement.

    The nice thing about the old shutoff valves is that in my experience, I
    can easily repair the two most common problems I've seen with those
    valves. Either the washer needs replacement if the valve isn't
    completely shutting off the water, or the packing nut needs slight
    tightening if there is leaking where the valve stem penetrates the
    packing nut. Don't have a clue what to do if there is any malfunction
    with a quarter turn valve. Actually, I've had quarter turn valves
    refuse to turn after a long period of non-use. I've never had an old
    style valve refuse to turn.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From retired1@retired@home.usa to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 14:56:45 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/4/26 12:10rC>PM, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were repaired
    not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or repairs at
    older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Cindy Hamilton@chamilton5280@invalid.com to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 20:38:08 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2026-02-04, retired1 <retired@home.usa> wrote:
    On 2/4/26 12:10rC>PM, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100
    years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. >> It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely
    throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'. >>
    So why are they ubiquitous?


    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were repaired
    not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or repairs at older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?

    It costs less that way.

    Every fixture in our house has its own shutoff. Needless to say,
    we did all the plumbing ourselves.
    --
    Cindy Hamilton
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ed P@esp@snet.n to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 16:06:43 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/4/2026 2:56 PM, retired1 wrote:
    On 2/4/26 12:10rC>PM, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100
    years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or
    off.
    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely
    throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn
    shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were repaired
    not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or repairs at older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?

    My last two houses did. This one does not. Only reason I can think of
    is cost for the valves and access panel.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Jim Joyce@none@none.invalid to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 18:07:31 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 14:56:45 -0500, retired1 <retired@home.usa> wrote:

    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were repaired
    not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or repairs at >older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?

    My last house had a "distribution manifold" in the garage that provided
    the capability to shut off the hot or cold water to any faucet in the
    house. It came in very handy on a couple of occasions.

    It wasn't this exact model, but it was very similar. Separate valve for
    hot and cold, each faucet clearly marked. <https://www.homedepot.com/p/Viega-ManaBloc-1-2-in-x-14-port-Polymer-Distribution-Manifold-6-hot-8-cold-50144/327747575>

    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From danny burstein@dannyb@panix.com to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 00:21:21 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    In <bin7oklnqd6d8qjvss30e588fgdu1lsbuj@4ax.com> Jim Joyce <none@none.invalid> writes:

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own >>shutoffs of any kind ?

    My last house had a "distribution manifold" in the garage that provided
    the capability to shut off the hot or cold water to any faucet in the
    house. It came in very handy on a couple of occasions.

    our house in Flyover Country, built 1990ish, has utility water
    piped in under our basement and then coming up, with a rotary
    shut off valve about a foot off the concrete.

    As this is a contracter, 35 y/o cheapie, if we ever needed
    to use that valve it would have been a "cross your fingers
    that it'll close and then reopen without major leaks" deal.

    So... the next time we had some real plumbers here, we had
    them shut that valve, cut out a foot of pipe "downstream"
    (inside the house), add a couple of inches of new pipe,
    then a new valve, more pipe, a garden house faucet, some
    more pipe, another new valve, and then reconnected to
    the home plumbing.

    (rotate 90 degrees)

    [floor] original pipe, oroginal valve, new pipe, new valve, short pipe,
    garden faucet, short pipe, new valve, short pipe, old plumbing...

    This way, if something goes wrong with interior plumbing and
    we have to shut off the whole house, we can cut out 95 percent
    of the building and still have marginally useful water from
    that new faucet [a] until we fix the problem.

    [a] while no showers... we can fill some buckets and
    carry them to the toilet, etc.
    --
    _____________________________________________________
    Knowledge may be power, but communications is the key
    dannyb@panix.com
    [to foil spammers, my address has been double rot-13 encoded]
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From scott@scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 01:56:50 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    Ed P <esp@snet.n> writes:
    On 2/4/2026 2:56 PM, retired1 wrote:
    On 2/4/26 12:10rC>PM, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. >>> Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 >>> years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or
    off.
    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves? >>>
    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely >>> throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn
    shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were repaired
    not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or repairs at
    older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?

    My last two houses did. This one does not. Only reason I can think of
    is cost for the valves and access panel.

    The multi-turn angle-stop used with most lav and toilets is significantly
    less expensive than the quarter-turn (ball) valves, which require
    machining at higher tolerances. In standard housing developments, the developers are too cheap to use quality valves.

    As for showers, there's no easy (read inexpensive) way to provide
    access to the lines feeding the shower (unless they're in an
    unfinished basement). An access panel would often need to be in
    the adjacent room, or exterior wall.

    The standard angle-stop will last much longer if it is used
    regularly (to clear any hard-water buildups), open it only
    to 90% rather than 100% to reduce the chances that hard-water
    scale will cement the valve.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Boris@nospam@invalid.com to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 05:33:44 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) wrote in news:CNSgR.191303$nAq6.138927@fx09.iad:

    Ed P <esp@snet.n> writes:
    On 2/4/2026 2:56 PM, retired1 wrote:
    On 2/4/26 12:10rC>PM, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under
    sink. Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever
    in your 100 years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's
    either on or off.
    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball
    valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me
    precisely throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little
    multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    FWIW, before retiring, I owned 5 homes built before 1971 in 2 states.
    All had "rotary" shutoff valves. If they leaked then they were
    repaired not replaced. I only saw 1/4 turns at other newer homes, or
    repairs at older.

    My plumbing pet peeve is why do tubs and showers NOT have their own
    shutoffs of any kind ?

    My last two houses did. This one does not. Only reason I can think of
    is cost for the valves and access panel.

    The multi-turn angle-stop used with most lav and toilets is
    significantly less expensive than the quarter-turn (ball) valves, which require machining at higher tolerances. In standard housing
    developments, the developers are too cheap to use quality valves.

    As for showers, there's no easy (read inexpensive) way to provide
    access to the lines feeding the shower (unless they're in an
    unfinished basement). An access panel would often need to be in
    the adjacent room, or exterior wall.

    The standard angle-stop will last much longer if it is used
    regularly (to clear any hard-water buildups), open it only
    to 90% rather than 100% to reduce the chances that hard-water
    scale will cement the valve.


    So you're saying with an angle-stop valve, open and close once or twice a
    year? to flush out any minerals? Why leave open only 90%? How does that reduce hard-water scale buildup?

    Thanks.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Ed P@posting.blocknews.net to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 09:39:46 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/5/2026 12:33 AM, Boris wrote:


    The standard angle-stop will last much longer if it is used
    regularly (to clear any hard-water buildups), open it only
    to 90% rather than 100% to reduce the chances that hard-water
    scale will cement the valve.


    So you're saying with an angle-stop valve, open and close once or twice a year? to flush out any minerals? Why leave open only 90%? How does that reduce hard-water scale buildup?

    Thanks.

    If you get buildup in a fully open valve, you have to use force in one direction to close it. If you leave it at 90%, you have some room to
    wiggle to loosen.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Boris@nospam@invalid.com to alt.home.repair on Fri Feb 6 00:09:54 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    Ed P <posting.blocknews.net> wrote in news:6984abb2$1$23$882e4bbb@reader.netnews.com:

    On 2/5/2026 12:33 AM, Boris wrote:


    The standard angle-stop will last much longer if it is used
    regularly (to clear any hard-water buildups), open it only
    to 90% rather than 100% to reduce the chances that hard-water
    scale will cement the valve.


    So you're saying with an angle-stop valve, open and close once or twice
    a year? to flush out any minerals? Why leave open only 90%? How does
    that reduce hard-water scale buildup?

    Thanks.

    If you get buildup in a fully open valve, you have to use force in one direction to close it. If you leave it at 90%, you have some room to
    wiggle to loosen.


    I see. In other word, you have a running start.

    Thanks.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Clare Snyder@clare@snyder.on.ca to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 22:03:04 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 14:44:45 -0500, Retirednoguilt <HapilyRetired@fakeaddress.com> wrote:

    On 2/4/2026 1:29 PM, Frank wrote:
    On 2/4/2026 12:25 PM, Clare Snyder wrote:
    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 12:10:00 -0500, Maria Sophia
    <mariasophia@comprehension.com> wrote:

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. >>>>
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 >>>> years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off.

    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves? >>>>
    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely >>>> throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    Mine ARE all 1/4 turn. MOST installed around here in the last 10
    years or so are 1/4 turn.
    Before the Chinafication of the supply chain 1/4 turn valves were
    significantly more expensive than the standardt type so were seldom
    used.

    I believe my newer ones are all also quarter turn. Old shutoff valves
    have been my recent plumbing problems with leaking and needing replacement.

    The nice thing about the old shutoff valves is that in my experience, I
    can easily repair the two most common problems I've seen with those
    valves. Either the washer needs replacement if the valve isn't
    completely shutting off the water, or the packing nut needs slight
    tightening if there is leaking where the valve stem penetrates the
    packing nut. Don't have a clue what to do if there is any malfunction
    with a quarter turn valve. Actually, I've had quarter turn valves
    refuse to turn after a long period of non-use. I've never had an old
    style valve refuse to turn.
    Virtually every one I had to replace with a 1/4 turn was because I
    couldn't turn the old one. Hard water really did them in. Wxercising a
    1/4 turn every 6 months or so is simple compared to cranking a typical multy-turn valve.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Clare Snyder@clare@snyder.on.ca to alt.home.repair on Thu Feb 5 22:07:47 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 14:44:45 -0500, Retirednoguilt <HapilyRetired@fakeaddress.com> wrote:

    On 2/4/2026 1:29 PM, Frank wrote:
    On 2/4/2026 12:25 PM, Clare Snyder wrote:
    On Wed, 4 Feb 2026 12:10:00 -0500, Maria Sophia
    <mariasophia@comprehension.com> wrote:

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. >>>>
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 >>>> years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off.

    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves? >>>>
    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely >>>> throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    Mine ARE all 1/4 turn. MOST installed around here in the last 10
    years or so are 1/4 turn.
    Before the Chinafication of the supply chain 1/4 turn valves were
    significantly more expensive than the standardt type so were seldom
    used.

    I believe my newer ones are all also quarter turn. Old shutoff valves
    have been my recent plumbing problems with leaking and needing replacement.

    The nice thing about the old shutoff valves is that in my experience, I
    can easily repair the two most common problems I've seen with those
    valves. Either the washer needs replacement if the valve isn't
    completely shutting off the water, or the packing nut needs slight
    tightening if there is leaking where the valve stem penetrates the
    packing nut. Don't have a clue what to do if there is any malfunction
    with a quarter turn valve. Actually, I've had quarter turn valves
    refuse to turn after a long period of non-use. I've never had an old
    style valve refuse to turn.
    I'm talking the little 3/8" shutoffs - the 1/2 inch and larger valves
    are generally easy enough to rebuild - and back when they were all
    noth American standard valves you could buy a replacement valve and
    just switch the "guts" if a shaft corroded or the washer screw twisted
    off. Today's ChinaCrap the guts aren't interchangeable from one batch
    to the next from the same supplier half the time. - but I've switched
    all of them to good 1/4 turns as well -
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From badgolferman@REMOVETHISbadgolferman@gmail.com to alt.home.repair on Fri Feb 6 07:40:26 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 02/04/2026 12:10, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink. Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100 years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?


    The rotate type are cheaper. The builder has satisfied whatever code
    there is.

    My house was built in 1967 and no plumber or inspector has ever found a
    whole house shutoff valve anywhere. I always had to use the one outside
    on the lawn to shut off the water when replacing valves in the
    bathtub/shower fixtures or anywhere which didn't have its own shutoff valve.

    A couple years ago the water company replaced all the meters to the
    houses with electronically controlled ones. Now you're supposed to call
    the utility company and wait on the line for 20 minutes to get someone
    to shut off the water. I finally had the plumber install a whole house
    shutoff valve which comes up into a hallway closet then goes back down
    under the house again.

    Plumbers don't even like working with copper plumbing these days. They
    replace everything with PEX and press fittings.
    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From frank@"frank "@frank.net to alt.home.repair on Fri Feb 6 08:21:20 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    On 2/6/2026 7:40 AM, badgolferman wrote:
    On 02/04/2026 12:10, Maria Sophia wrote:
    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.
    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100
    years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off. >> It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely
    throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'. >>
    So why are they ubiquitous?


    The rotate type are cheaper. The builder has satisfied whatever code
    there is.

    My house was built in 1967 and no plumber or inspector has ever found a
    whole house shutoff valve anywhere. I always had to use the one outside
    on the lawn to shut off the water when replacing valves in the
    bathtub/shower fixtures or anywhere which didn't have its own shutoff valve.

    A couple years ago the water company replaced all the meters to the
    houses with electronically controlled ones. Now you're supposed to call
    the utility company and wait on the line for 20 minutes to get someone
    to shut off the water. I finally had the plumber install a whole house shutoff valve which comes up into a hallway closet then goes back down
    under the house again.

    Plumbers don't even like working with copper plumbing these days. They replace everything with PEX and press fittings.

    I have a well with in line sediment and iron filters with quarter turn
    shut off valves where I can bypass the filters when changing and also
    cut off the whole house if needed. Four of these valves with no
    problems. I can also cut off water by shutting off power to the well
    from a nearby fuse box.

    Plumber I had in a few days ago said he does not like the SharkBite
    fittings as they do not hold up.

    With well water being more corrosive my next door neighbor had copper
    replaced with PEX and later occupant said 16 of the fittings leaked. Apparently bad coupling was used.


    --- Synchronet 3.21b-Linux NewsLink 1.2
  • From Maria Sophia@mariasophia@comprehension.com to alt.home.repair on Wed Feb 4 12:10:00 2026
    From Newsgroup: alt.home.repair

    Plumbing. Shutoffs. Inside the house. Even outside actually. Under sink.

    Toilet. Why on earth are they rotate kind. When have you ever in your 100
    years life ever regulated the flow from the shutoff? It's either on or off.

    It's binary. Right? So why do they all NOT have quarter-turn ball valves?

    Nobody in the history of indoor plumbing has ever said, 'Let me precisely throttle my toilet fill valve using this crusty little multi-turn shutoff'.

    So why are they ubiquitous?
    --- Synchronet 3.21d-Linux NewsLink 1.2