BASIC TECHNOLOGIES OF WITCHCRAFT
This is the outline for a collection of four semi-formal training
sessions for people interested in starting out in "The Craft" or
Neopaganism. It is intended to give enough grounding to effectively participate in ritual, with the expectation that those that are really dedicated, skilled, and/or interested will undertake further study.
Since this is for beginners, there are no textbooks, no required
reading, and the course only deals with such material as can be taught
in four 1-1/2 to 2 hour informal sessions.
I. DAY ONE: Neopagan Traditions
The first day's material is a basic overview of Neopagan history
and tradition, intended to make people more comfortable with the
subject.
A. History of The Craft
Examine two topics to show how they influence the modern
witch: how Neopagan witchcraft grew out of and borrows from
the Gardnerian Reformation, and how our Craft Law developed
from a variety of traditions and needs.
1. Origins, Ancient (?) and Modern
Fact before theory: discuss the evolution of witchcraft
from Gardner onwards, then overview the evidences that
witchcraft is a pre-Christian and (possibly)
pre-historic religion.
a. The Gardnerian Reformation
Discussion of Gerald Gardner and both the original
and modern versions of Gardnerian Witchcraft (with
a quick side-line into its off-shoot and
competitor, Alexandrian Witchcraft).
b. The Church of All Worlds and Neopaganism
History of the Church of All Worlds and its contri-
butions, including the word "neopagan" and "Green
Egg", the journal in which the framework of modern,
Neopagan witchcraft was developed from the
framework of Gardnerianism crossed with Greco/Roman
and Egyptian pagan traditions.
c. The Non-Pagan Branches of the Craft
Other types of witches: Feminist Wicca, Church of
Wicca, the Masonic Druids of England, and the
Family Tradition- alists.
d. Evidences of Stone-Age Witchcraft
Discuss some of the evidence that witchcraft
carries on a tradition with stone-age origins and a
10,000 year history, both pro and con. Emphasize
that there is no conclusive evidence one way or the
other.
2. Craft Law, Ancient and Modern
a. The Reasons for Craft Law
Discuss how the in-bred fear of of the Powers of
Evil, combined with the need to trust each other
against the Inquisition, gave birth to the concept
of Craft Law.
b. The Wiccan Rede
"An it harm none, do what thou will." Stress both
the libertine and the disciplinarian
interpretations of that law. Discuss the Law of
Karma, and how the Wiccan Rede (interpreted
properly) becomes more of a safety rule than a
Commandment.
c. The Rule of Secrecy
Gloss quickly over the Inquisition (everybody knows
enough), and examine some of the evidence that a
"witchhunt" is being begun. Encourage the students
to recognize that the decision to be public or
secretive has to be made by each individual, and
they have the right to expect others to respect
their privacy on this matter.
3. Magick in Theory and Practice
Magick is the unifying force in all of the Neopagan
Traditions. To lay the groundwork for Day Two, explain
the basic theories of magick, and how they influence the
design and practice of Neopagan ritual.
a. The Basic Rules of Magick
Explain that the central theory of magick is that
reality can be altered by a sufficiently strong
will, focused by the proper ritual. For comparison
and contrast, mention Bell's Hypothesis, from
quantum physics. Discuss seriously the possibility
that all that the magician alters is his own mind
and awareness of how the world works.
b. Magick and Neopagan Ritual
Define the two classic types of ritual: religious
and magickal, or (better terms) theurgical and
thaumaturgical. Show how magick is used in both,
and where the rituals diverge.
B. The Magick Circle
Even more than the pentacle, the Magick Circle is the central
symbol of Neopagan Witchcraft. The final topic for Day One
is the purpose, symbolism, and protocols of a pagan Circle.
1. Purpose and Symbolism
a. Ceremonial Magic and Qabbalism versus the Pagan Circle
Most people get their idea of what a circle is for
from the Ceremonial magicians and kaballists, who
use it for protection from outside magick.
Emphasize that the quantum leap that Gardner made
was to think of using the circle INSTEAD to keep
beneficial magick WITHIN the ritual area until it
is fully built-up, focused, and directed.
b. The Power of the Circle: The Five Elements
Discuss how the classic Four Elements of Greek
science are the symbols for four types of power,
four states of matter, four types of personality,
and so forth, showing correspondences. Highlight
the difference between elemental power, psychic
power, and divine power - and the similarities.
Explain how the elements are used in casting the
circle.
c. Ritual Tools
Discuss one-by-one the tools that a witch uses to
focus her mind - the athame, the elemental symbols
(salt or a pentacle for earth, a candle or lamp for
fire, the incense and the wand for air, the chalice
for water), the magic mirror, the sword, candles,
herbs, and the use of images.
2. Conduct within the Circle
Two final bits of information needed inside the circle:
the directions of casting and the integrity of the
circle.
a. Widdershins and Deosil
Define the terms (deosil = clockwise, widdershins =
counter-clockwise). Explain that widdershins is
often mistaken for evil, but show that the
difference is more accurately raising or banishing
power. Stress that, in order to get along, when in
doubt, go deosil.
b. The Integrity of the Circle
Remind people that, since no evil magick is
involved, there is no RISK involved in leaving a
circle. However, stress that since a circle is
supposed to CONTAIN energy it should not be
punctured hastily or unnecessarily. Teach how to
open and close gateways in the circle, and when to
and not to do so.
II. DAY TWO: MEDITATION AND VISUALIZATION
The second day's concentration is on the mental aspects of magick
and ritual work, and is mostly in workshop form.
A. Meditation
Describe meditation as a means of altering your mental state
by relaxation and concentration. Contrast meditation and
trance state. Discuss the use of posture (asana) and
paradoxical breathing (pranayama) to attain a meditative
state, then do a few quick exercises.
B. Visualization(s)
Explain the difference between imagining and visualizing,
then stress the similarities. Stress the fact that
visualization is something that you will continually get
better at - but there is still no "wrong way." Then lead the
students through the following exercises:
1. Grounding and Centering
Using the seven chakras as steps along the way, guide
them to visualize energy being drawn up from the Earth
and blown through the tops of their heads (at the crown
chakra) in a free-flowing fountain. Then (if they seem
up to it), guide them to mold and direct that energy
flow into a circle, then a sphere of blinding white
light. Have them draw the circle back down through
their spines until it is returned to the Earth.
2. Contacting Your Magickal Self
Get them as relaxed as possible and in a deep meditative
state, then starting with a visualization of a Safe
Place in the forest, lead them to a fairy hill, then
through the Maze of the subconscious until they are
somewhat lost. Guide them to a long stairway, then
through the door at the top. Then set the mental
setting - that at the doorway they change into a
powerful magician, and suddenly all of the tools and
symbols in the room are meaningful. Instruct them to
study the tools for a while. After a minute or two,
lead them back out through the maze, then to the
clearing, and wake them back up.
3. Aura Reading and Healing
a. Diagnosis
Guide them to ground and center (as II.B.1, above),
then stand in front of an evenly-lit white wall.
Have them open their eyes and stare at a point in
the distance beyond the instructor. (Note: this
will for some of them be the first time that
they'll be channeling power with their eyes open,
so take your time.) Instruct them to look for the
greyish line around me (that is actually an optical
illusion). Once they've found it, instruct them to
visualize it being replaced with a wash of color.
Have them examine it for variations in thickness or
color.
b. Treatment
Point out an ill or sore region on the instructor's
body. Have them examine it for variations in color
or brilliance. Pick one student, then have him
wrap his hands in the energy that he's drawing,
then "tune" it to the color of the healthy areas in
the aura. Instruct him to use his hands as if he
were rubbing on oil or paint to color over the sick
area, visualizing the new color (healthy energy)
replacing the older area, and continue until the
color stays changed after he's no longer touching
it or until he gets tired.
III.DAY THREE: BASIC RITUAL TECHNIQUES
The previous two courses teach the full minimum necessary to work
solo magick. The remaining two days will concentrate on group
ritual. In Day Three, we will discuss the basic techniques.
To explain the outline, relate the outline of the three Essentials
of Eastern magick - mandalla, mantra, and mudra.
A. Mantra - Music and Chanting
Discuss the three types of mantra most often used in Neopagan
ritual: memorized chants (for creating and focusing the Group
Mind), impromptu chanting (for advanced meditation and
growing together), and plainsong (for worship).
1. Memorized Chants
Teach them the chants listed below. Then run quickly
(for familiarization purposes only) through "We Wander
Now", "Hoof and Horn", "Burn Bright", "Circle 'Round the
Fire", and any others that I can remember on the spot.
a. "We All Come from the Goddess"
We ALL - COME from the GODdess
AND to HER we SHALL reTURN
LIKE a DROP - OF - RAIN
FLOWing TO the O-CEAN (repeat)
b. "I Circle Around"
I CIRcle aROUND, I CIRcle aROUND ...
the BOUN-'DRIES OF the EARTH ...
WEARing my LONG tail FEAthers AS I fly ...
WEARing my LONG tail FEAthers AS I fly ... (repeat)
c. "Air I Am"
(evenly spaced, every syllable emphasized)
Air I am,
Fire I am,
Water, Earth and Spirit I am ... (repeat)
d. "The Goddess Chant"
iSIS, aSTARte, diANna, HECaTE,
deMEter, KALi - inNAna (repeat)
2. Impromptu Chanting
Discuss the uses of impromptu chanting: ecstatic magick
(where one can't count on elaborate chants) and for deep
probing rituals, where they are used for free
association. As an example, demonstrate the three-word
style that Starhawk teaches in SPIRAL DANCE. Emphasize
the use of beat and tempo as unifying factors.
3. Plainsong
For contrast, sing the NROOGD classic, "O Earth Mother"
to demonstrate that not all ritual music needs to be in
the form of basic chants.
B. Mudra - Movement and Dance
1. Ritual Dance
(This section has not yet been finalized. Current plans
focus on simple circle-dance steps, the famed "spiral
dance", and then brief discussion of free-form dance and
ecstatic ritual.)
2. Theater Techniques
Remind people that one of the purposes of ritual is to
catch and hold the attention of Child Self, and point
out that the language that Child Self speaks best is
melodrama. Instruct them that gestures and actions in
the Circle should speak loud enough that words are not
necessary. Then, since they undoubtedly won't get the
point, do two exercises to rub their noses in it.
a. Banishing Exercise
Set up a circle, then pick out someone who seems to
know a bit about magick. Get him to go to one of
the quarters and ground and center. Then have him
visualize a threat approaching from his quarter,
and tell him to do a banishing. (He will
inevitably do something traditional, elaborate, and
sterile.) Relax him, then ask the class how THEY
would have reacted, if THEY were attacking the
circle, to what he had done. Pick an absolute
novice, put him in the same place, ground and
center, pump them up with melodrama and heroics,
then describe a different menace and instruct them
to scare it off, turn it away (don't use the word
"banish"). See if the gestures aren't more
dramatic.
b. Charging Exercise
Pick a couple who seem to know a bit about magick
(if possible), and have them ground, center, and
use the wand and chalice for a symbolic Great Rite.
(See if they do anything more sexual than just
stick the wand into the cup - I doubt it.) Relax
them, then point out to the class that the energies
to be raised in this exercise are to be earthy and
sexual, EXACTLY like the "rush" or thrill of heavy
flirtation. Then pick the most COMPATIBLE-looking
couple (if possible) and repeat the exercise (and
see if they don't make it more energetic).
IV. NEOPAGAN SYMBOLISM
Today's lecture has two purposes. First, we will deal with the
legends, meta-legends, and conventions that form the basis for
most Neopagan ritual. Then we will discuss the purposes behind a
witchcraft initiation, and walk through the one that the graduates
of this class will perform.
A. Theology/Thealogy
Theology and thealogy (the alpha-ending, Thea, being the
Greek feminine ending) are outlined to show how Neopagans
relate to their own and other people's choices of gods. The
hook on which this will all be hung is that most of the Gods
represent facets of human experience personified.
1. Forms of the God
Discuss the various types of masculine gods that appear
in pagan and Neopagan myth: the Sun-child, the Horned
Hunter, the Sensitive Artist, and the Lord of Death.
2. Forms of the Goddess
Discuss the image of the Three-Fold Goddess: the Maiden,
the Mother, and the Crone.
B. The Wheel of the Year
Read aloud the story of the Wheel of the Year from THE SPIRAL
DANCE, pages 28 and 29. Point out that this is the solar
calendar, and relate it to the agricultural cycle. Then add
the mystical component by telling the story of Persephone's
descent into the underworld, showing how it relates to the
Wheel.
C. Initiation
Tell the story of how Osiris was slain by his jealous
brother, Set, and how his sister/wife Isis went down into the
Underworld to gain the secret of resurrection from the dead
(for reminders, use Wilson's account in COSMIC TRIGGER).
Discuss how Isis's humiliation in the land of the dead
compares to the psychology of initiation (with a brief aside
into Paul's revelation of Eleusis: "Except a seed of grain
fall into the Earth and die, it cannot rise again"). Use
this and the discussion from Day One of how Craft Law arose
to outline the dual purpose of a witchcraft initiation: to
lead the initiate through humiliation and death into
elevation and new life, and to bind the initiate to the laws
necessary for the group experience of the Craft.
Finally, if time permits, do a walk-through of the initiation
to familiarize the candidates with it, then give them their
scripts to memorize.
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