Filesystems are complex and performance-sensitive beasts. They can also present security concerns. Microkernel-based systems have long pushed filesystems into separate processes in order to contain any vulnerabilities that may be found there. Linux can do the same with the Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) subsystem, but using FUSE brings a significant
performance penalty. Darrick Wong is working on ways to eliminate that penalty, and he has a massive patch
set showing how ext4 filesystems can be safely implemented in user space by unprivileged processes with good performance. This work has the potential
to radically change how filesystems are managed on Linux systems.

https://lwn.net/Articles/1044432/
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