From Newsgroup: rec.music.classical

In computers, a printer driver or a print processor is a piece of software on a computer that converts the data to be printed to a format that a printer can understand. The purpose of printer drivers is to allow applications to do printing without being aware of the technical details of each printer model.
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Unix and other Unix-like systems such as Linux and OS X use CUPS (short for Common Unix Printing System), a modular printing system for Unix-like computer operating systems, which allows a computer to act as a print server. A computer running CUPS is a host that can accept print jobs from client computers, process them, and send them to the appropriate printer. Printer drivers are typically implemented as filters. They are usually named the front end of the printing system, while the printer spoolers constitute the back end.
Users can use commands like, for example, "COPY file1 LPT1:" to print the content of a file to a printer. The contents is transferred to the printer without any interpretation. Therefore, this method of printing is either for files already stored in the corresponding printer's language or for generic text files without more than simple line-oriented formatting.
Beyond this, there are no system-wide printer-specific drivers for use at application level under MS-DOS/PC DOS. Under DR-DOS, however, the SCRIPT command can be loaded to run in the background in order to intercept and convert printer output from applications into PostScript to support PS-capable printers also by applications not supporting them directly.
In order to support more complex printing for different models of printers, each application (e.g. a word processor) may be shipped with its own printer drivers, which were essentially descriptions of printer escape sequences. Printers, too, have been supplied with drivers for the most popular applications. In addition, it's possible for applications to include tools for editing printer description, in case there was no ready driver. In the days when DOS was widely used, many printers had emulation modes for Epson FX-80[1] and IBM Proprinter commands. Many more recent laser printers also have emulation modes for HP PCL (HP LaserJet) or PostScript printers which will work in DOS. It appears that these are also compatible with Windows 3.x.[2]
On Microsoft Windows systems, printer drivers make use of GDI (Unidrv or PScript-based) or XPS (XPSDrv). Programs then use the same standard APIs to draw text and pictures both on screen and on paper. Printers which use GDI natively are commonly referred to as Winprinters and are considered incompatible with other operating systems, although there is software (such as PrintFil) which will make these printers work in a DOS prompt within Windows.
The original AmigaOS up to 1.3 supported printers through a standard series of drivers stored at the required path "DEVS:Printers". All printer drivers were stored in that directory, and covered the standard printers in 1985-1989 circa, included Epson FX standard driver, Xerox 4020, HP, etcetera.
Any Amiga printer driver had to communicate though the standard Amiga printer.device (the default standard hardware device of Amiga dealing with printers), and the standard parallel.device (which controlled parallel port) and the driver would then control the printer on its own.
Amiga also had support for a virtual device "PRT:" to refer to printer.device so, for example the command "COPY file TO PRT:" caused the file to be printed directly bypassing parallel.device and the default printer driver. Amiga used ANSI escape codes, not the special ones defined by the various printer manufacturers. This way every application on the Amiga could use the same standard set of control sequences and wouldn't need to know which printer is actually connected. The printer driver then translated these standard sequences into the special sequences a certain printer understands.
Amiga internal function "PWrite" of printer.device writes 'length' bytes directly to the printer. This function is generally called on by printer drivers to send their buffer(s) to the printer. Number of buffers are decided by the persons who created the driver. Amiga lacked a standard Printer Spooler.
Since AmigaOS 2.0 a standard printer.device was changed to control various printers at same time. The Printer preferences were divided in three main panels: Prefs:Printer which selects main printer and other basic elements such as "Print Spacing" and "Paper Size". PrinterGFX controlled features like Dithering and Scaling. PrinterPS controlled Postscript Printers. The printer drivers surprisingly remained almost same of Workbench 1.3, with 4096 limits.
This fact led Amiga users to prefer third party Printer Systems with their own drivers, like TurboPrint and PrintStudio, which introduced not only recent drivers, but also featured a functioning Printer Spooler into Amiga, and featured 16 million colors printing. MorphOS uses a special version of TurboPrint to pilot recent printers.
In addition to being install-able on a computer, drivers could also be present in the embedded firmware of printers and made available through a networking protocol (e.g. IPP). The embedded firmware of a printer could thus eliminate the need to install any driver on a computer, by accepting print data in a general purpose format (e.g. PDF) via a networking protocol. Despite some efforts to standardize various stages of the printing pipeline, printer interfaces are largely still very proprietary and manufacturer-specific. Hence, nature of functions performed by drivers can vary. Nonetheless, based on the function performed, drivers can be classified as follows.
These drivers convert print data from one format (e.g. PS) to a final device-specific format that the printer hardware can process and create a print. These drivers act as the last stage in delivering a print job to the printer. These drivers are more likely to be embedded in printer firmware.
In the VDA environment users are producing printer driver errors stating that the 'print driver for "Print to PDF" and "Send to Microsoft OneNote 16 Driver" may not be used in conjunction with a non-inbox port monitor.'
What Citrix Policies do you have that are configured regarding printers and printer settings in the environment? From your description, it sounds like you might have Auto-create client printers enabled; this would map (or attempt to map) all printers on the user's workstation in to the session at the start of every new session.
I have uninstalled previous successful installatin of drivers and rebooted. Reason I had to reinstall everything was because I was running a double nat setup and for some reason I could not get my hardwired device with the router to communicate with the printer.
After one or more unsuccessful printer or driver install attempts, it possible for windows to retain incorrect settings, such as TCP/IP port or WSD information making these resources unavailable to the driver when it tries to install.
Thank you for the tips. I just spent 75 minutes on the phone with Canon support and the rep had no idea how to fix the problem. Wen't to print managment and removed any instances of Canon. Disabled firewall and antivirus. Tried installing with admin privileges (even though I already had them. Tried installing just the scanner driver. Same error every time with that all in one installer. Nothing helped.
No question all of my computers can see the printer on the network. I can put in the IP address and the setup program finds the printer. I don't think lack of a static IP is the issue. The second router (the onhub) is wired behind the Netgear Nighthawk 7000 on a different subnet.
The problem is that every time I try the install with the "all in one" program, I immediately get the above message (could not install print driver). After getting off with Canon support, I tried downloading just the print driver ("[Windows 64bit] Generic Plus UFR II Printer Driver V2.10") and it installs. I was able to print a test page.
Thanks Rick for showing me where to find the ports section. I don't remember from all the installs and uninstalls of the drivers, but at one point I would see the device listed but there was no way to select properties (I was looking to see if I could print a test page). Anyway, thanks again for your help. Do you work for Canon? If not, they should put you on the payroll.
Printer Driver Packager NX is a tool for IT managers to customize and package printer drivers.
Customizing allows them to control employees' printer driver settings.
Packaging allows IT managers to preset all the mandatory parameters for the printer driver installation.
Also multiple printer drivers can be gathered into one package so they can be installed by end users as a single execution.
This morning I installed an upgrade of Nitro Pro (v. 13.70.2.40), but unfortunately the PDF Creator seems to be missing, so I cannot print to PDF. I tried some 'solutions' that are on the internet, but whatever I try (i.e., NitroPDFSupportTools.exe) there's always a message that 'Installatie van printer driver mislukt' (Installation printer driver failed). I subsequently uninstalled the software and re-installed it, to no avail.
I have been using Nitro Pro ever since version 9, with upgrades to each subsecutive version, without any problems ever. The conversion from Windows 10 to 11 (in December 2021, so over a year ago) has not caused any errors either. It's only after I upgraded from version 13.24.1.467 to 13.70.2.40 last week that I ran into the problem of the missing printer driver for the first time. I suspect there have been updates between these two versions, but I have never checked for updates or, for that matter, installed any. So the issue may have existed in some version after 13.24.1.467, but it's impossible to verify.
For what it's worth and for your information, the add-in in Microsoft Office doesn't work either - when trying to create a PDF document, there is an error message 'An unknown error has occurred.' But note that I don't use this option ('saving as' a PDF document is my usual way of creating a PDF from within Microsoft Office; I am now working on a project in music editing software, and do need a separate PDF printer).
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