From Newsgroup: rec.music.classical

<div>I didn't see it in the patch notes, I probably missed it, but as you all know the Omen paranoia used to block sound, now it doesn't, you can clearly hear everything that is going on even if you're flashed from his paranoia.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Quadraphonic sound, or 4.0 surround sound, utilizes four audio channels connected to four speakers positioned at the corners of a listening space. The multi-tracked audio is mixed dimensional, immersing the listener in an expansive soundscape.</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>paranoia audio download</div><div></div><div>Download File: https://t.co/kODHVo6Qlj </div><div></div><div></div><div>I want to start a discussion about the paranoia feature of BonkEnc, sometimes it could recover a bad CD with this feature or I am wrong? What are that menu and for what it is used? What does it means? I have one music that if I encode without paranoia it shows some scratchs, bu using paranoia it plays wow! </div><div></div><div>In another CD I have three musics that I couldn't record, even if I try with every choice in that menu.</div><div></div><div></div><div>But in the menu what means:</div><div></div><div>Overlap Only?</div><div></div><div>Not verify?</div><div></div><div>No scratch repair?</div><div></div><div>Full cdparanoia mode?</div><div></div><div>I have a CD that with full cdparanoia mode enabled I couldn't rip, but with Overlap Only I could. Other I have to disable cdparanoia to rip it, but happen some noises sometimes, looks like with some time would be possible to recover it, but I didn't tried.</div><div></div><div></div><div>In general Overlap Only should be sufficient to rip discs with small scratches. Full mode can be very slow and is only usefull if you know you will get artifacts when ripping with Overlap Only or without paranoia enabled.</div><div></div><div></div><div>(English pronunciations of paranoia from the Cambridge Advanced Learner&apos;s Dictionary & Thesaurus and from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, both sources Cambridge University Press)</div><div></div><div></div><div>The impact of environmental influences on psychological well-being and cognition in humans have for a long time been neglected in traditional psychology. At present, human living environments are changing drastically. According to the UN 2007 was a turning point for humankind as for the first time the majority of the global population lived in urban areas1. Until 2050, it is estimated that 68% of the world population will be living in cities2. In Europe the urbanization rate is already as high as 75%. Urbanization coincides with increasing rates of mental illness. An earlier review from 2005 came to the conclusion that about 30% of the incidence in schizophrenia may be attributed to urban factors in interaction with genetic liability and social adversity3. A meta-analysis4 shows a link between the increase of schizophrenia incidence and the increase in urbanicity, highlighting the fact that the risk for schizophrenia in the most urban environment was estimated to be 2.37 times higher than in the most rural environment. In a study investigating environmental factors known to trigger paranoia5, it was shown that urban cyclers commonly report to experience at least one state paranoia reaction, reported on a paranoia scale, in response to what the authors call an interpersonal threat situation. This was caused by the presence of potentially dangerous traffic participants, such as motor vehicle drivers. According to Ellet et al.5 the key environmental factors known to trigger paranoia include threat and ambiguity, which may be more often found in urban compared to natural environments. A recent review on depression and urbanicity reported mixed results, however with the majority of studies suggesting an elevated risk of depression in more (vs. less) urbanized areas6. Concerning mood and anxiety disorders, a review on studies conducted in Europe concludes that most studies showed elevated risks for mood/anxiety symptoms when comparing some (albeit not all) of the urban to rural areas7. In sum, there is hence accumulating evidence that living in urban areas is related to worse mental health outcomes.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Within-group changes in mood and paranoia for all variables of interest. Y-axes have been formatted to reflect the possible data range. The interpretation of scores corresponds to the Likert-scale of the respective measure. Between-group differences (at baseline) and exact descriptives (means and standard deviations) for pre- and post-tests can be found in Supplementary Table 2. Paired t-test statistics for changes within groups in mood (anxiety, depression) and paranoia can be found in Supplementary Table 3.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Opposed to van Hedger et al.16 in the present study only effects on mood (depression, anxiety) and paranoia, but not on cognition (dual n-back, digit span task), were found. Traffic noise soundscapes generally aggravated depressive states (small effect in low diversity, moderate effect in high diversity condition), whereby these soundscapes were also perceived as significantly different in terms of diversity in subjective ratings, which were conducted as a manipulation check at the end of the study. Exclusively the highly diverse birdsong soundscape decreased depressive states (small effect size). Generally, the birdsong conditions were not rated as significantly different in terms of diversity. Concerning anxiety, traffic noise soundscapes had no effect, whereas both birdsong soundscapes significantly alleviated anxiety (medium effect sizes). Finally, the traffic noise soundscapes had no effect on paranoia, whereas again both birdsong soundscapes significantly lowered it (medium effect sizes).</div><div></div><div></div><div>The beneficial effects of birdsongs in particular concerning mood and attention restoration have been previously observed20. Mood recovery (e.g., after a stressor) or beneficial mood effects have repeatedly been reported for exposure with natural sounds21,22. The present study thus confirms prior findings. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, beneficial effects of natural soundscapes on state paranoia are shown for the very first time. This finding might be explained in several ways. Birdsongs might be implicitly associated with a vital natural environment, divert attention away from (internal and external) stressors, or could signal the absence of acute threat. Urban soundscapes on the other hand might trigger socio-evaluative concerns, involuntarily direct attention resulting in perceived loss of control and hence alter vigilance to potential threats which are processes proposed to elicit paranoia. However, somewhat contradicting the latter notion, the traffic noise soundscapes as used in the present study did not increase paranoia. Possibly, by adding human voices to the audio file, this effect could have been evoked. Human voices may more readily activate interpersonal sensitivity, to which a central role has been ascribed in the emergence and maintenance of paranoia23. Generally, classical learning paradigms (conditioning) might provide a framework to explain restorative nature effects. Hereby, first an unconditioned positive response occurs in reaction to nature, which gets later retrieved by similar natural cues, and can later generalize to an abstract level whereby even more abstract cues (e.g., words) may trigger the original response24.</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>It remains to say that the current study made use of a non-clinical sample opening the debate if the observed effects can also be generalized to people diagnosed with high levels of e.g., paranoia. Taking into account the continuum hypothesis, which states, that psychotic symptoms which are seen in patients can also be observed in non-clinical populations, it might be the case that both populations share a mechanism by which symptoms can be relieved or improved. This remains speculative, nevertheless the current study can be seen as a pilot, exploring the existence and potential magnitude of effects, feasibility, and safety for a future transfer to a more vulnerable clinical sample. Future research could adopt the current design and investigate the effects of birdsong exposure on paranoia within a clinical sample. Such research can potentially result in low threshold environmental interventions to reduce distress in e.g., psychiatric wards or other clinical settings. In the sense of conditioning (see above), associations with natural environments might divert attention away from psychological stressors or signal the absence of acute threat. Future experiments could aim to explore if paranoia does in fact not decrease after exposure to threatening natural environments, such as the wilderness, or situations which signal the acute presence of threat, such as natural disasters.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Moreover, it is important to highlight the fact, that the results of the current study cannot provide any clarification concerning the sustainability or replicability (e.g., by repeated exposure) of the effect birdsongs can have on mood and paranoia. Future research should aim to test such effects in a longitudinal and/or repeated exposure study design. Yet another limitation in the current study is the lack of a neutral control sound condition which would enable the interpretation of results with respect to a neutral condition instead of the mere comparison between a traffic condition and a birdsong condition. The use of such a neutral control group within a similar design as implemented by the current study would be a great addition for future research. Finally, although the instructions required participants to set their audio system loudness to 80%, still subjectively perceived loudness of the soundscapes could constitute a confounding factor.</div><div></div><div></div><div>For all mood and the paranoia scales, item scores were computed (i.e., summing up responses on all items and dividing this by the number of items). This way, the interpretation of scores is facilitated, as it corresponds to the Likert-scale of the respective measure.</div><div></div><div></div><div>To ensure that all soundscapes were perceived with a similar loudness level, all soundscapes were engineered to have a similar loudness value. The loudness values from all four conditions range between 19.4 and 27.8 loudness units relative to full scale (LUFS). All soundscapes had a duration of 6 min. Prior to the experiment the soundscapes have been presented to a small set of pilot participants rating the similarity of the audio level ensuring a comfortable audio level across all conditions. As a result, at the beginning of the experiment, participants were instructed to set their headphone loudness level to 80%. Soundscapes can be accessed openly via this link</div><div></div><div> df19127ead</div>
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