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from https://www.visualcapitalist.com/visualized-government-debt-around-the-world/

DebtVisualizing Government Debt-to-GDP Around the World Published 12
seconds ago on April 29, 2025
By Niccolo Conte
Article/Editing:
Govind Bhutada
Graphics/Design:
Sabrina Lam
See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

This infographic visualizes global government debt by country in 2025, highlighting debt-to-GDP ratios for 186 countries.

Use This Visualization
01:30
01:57

Visualized: Government Debt-to-GDP Around the World
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free
on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a
variety of trusted sources.

In 2025, public debt remains a pressing issue for many countries, with governments around the world are navigating fiscal challenges in the
wake of the pandemic, geopolitical instability, and economic slowdowns.

This infographic ranks countries by their debt-to-GDP ratio, a key
metric used to assess how much debt a government holds relative to its
economic output. The data comes from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook,
April 2025 edition.

Countries With the Highest Debt-to-GDP Ratios
Advanced economies are generally grappling with higher debt burdens than others, with an average debt-to-GDP ratio of 110%, compared to around
74% for emerging and developing economies.

The table below highlights the debt-to-GDP ratios for 186 countries in 2025:

Search:
Rank Country General government gross debt (% of GDP)
#1 🇸🇩 Sudan 252%
#2 🇯🇵 Japan 235%
#3 🇸🇬 Singapore 175%
#4 🇬🇷 Greece 142%
#5 🇧🇭 Bahrain 141%
#6 🇲🇻 Maldives 141%
#7 🇮🇹 Italy 137%
#8 🇺🇸 United States 123%
#9 🇫🇷 France 116%
#10 🇨🇦 Canada 113%
Showing 1 to 10 of 186 entries
General government gross debt (% of GDP)
#11 🇸🇳 Senegal 111%
#12 🇺🇦 Ukraine 110%
#13 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde 110%
#14 🇧🇪 Belgium 106%
#15 🇬🇧 United Kingdom 104%
#16 🇧🇹 Bhutan 103%
#17 🇲🇿 Mozambique 101%
#18 🇪🇸 Spain 101%
#19 🇩🇲 Dominica 98%
#20 🇧🇧 Barbados 98%

DebtVisualizing Government Debt-to-GDP Around the WorldPublished 12
seconds ago on April 29, 2025
By Niccolo Conte
Article/Editing:
Govind Bhutada
Graphics/Design:
Sabrina Lam
See this visualization first on the Voronoi app.

This infographic visualizes global government debt by country in 2025, highlighting debt-to-GDP ratios for 186 countries.

Use This Visualization

00:00

01:57
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Visualized: Government Debt-to-GDP Around the World
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free
on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a
variety of trusted sources.

In 2025, public debt remains a pressing issue for many countries, with governments around the world are navigating fiscal challenges in the
wake of the pandemic, geopolitical instability, and economic slowdowns.

This infographic ranks countries by their debt-to-GDP ratio, a key
metric used to assess how much debt a government holds relative to its
economic output. The data comes from the IMF’s World Economic Outlook,
April 2025 edition.


Countries With the Highest Debt-to-GDP Ratios
Advanced economies are generally grappling with higher debt burdens than others, with an average debt-to-GDP ratio of 110%, compared to around
74% for emerging and developing economies.

The table below highlights the debt-to-GDP ratios for 186 countries in 2025:

Search:
Rank Country General government gross debt (% of GDP)
#1 🇸🇩 Sudan 252%
#2 🇯🇵 Japan 235%
#3 🇸🇬 Singapore 175%
#4 🇬🇷 Greece 142%
#5 🇧🇭 Bahrain 141%
#6 🇲🇻 Maldives 141%
#7 🇮🇹 Italy 137%
#8 🇺🇸 United States 123%
#9 🇫🇷 France 116%
#10 🇨🇦 Canada 113%

#11 🇸🇳 Senegal 111%
#12 🇺🇦 Ukraine 110%
#13 🇨🇻 Cabo Verde 110%
#14 🇧🇪 Belgium 106%
#15 🇬🇧 United Kingdom 104%
#16 🇧🇹 Bhutan 103%
#17 🇲🇿 Mozambique 101%
#18 🇪🇸 Spain 101%
#19 🇩🇲 Dominica 98%
#20 🇧🇧 Barbados 98%

Rank Country General government gross debt (% of GDP)
#21 🇨🇳 China, People's Republic of 96%
#22 🇻🇨 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 94%
#23 🇯🇴 Jordan 93%
#24 🇧🇴 Bolivia 92%
#25 🇧🇷 Brazil 92%
#26 🇵🇹 Portugal 92%
#27 🇨🇬 Congo 91%
#28 🇱🇦 Lao P.D.R. 91%
#29 🇸🇻 El Salvador 88%
#30 🇪🇬 Egypt 87%

#31 🇸🇷 Suriname 87%
#32 🇫🇮 Finland 86%
#33 🇪🇺 European Union 84%
#34 🇲🇺 Mauritius 83%
#35 🇦🇹 Austria 83%
#36 🇹🇳 Tunisia 83%
#37 🇮🇳 India 80%
#38 🇿🇦 South Africa 80%
#39 🇧🇸 Bahamas, The 79%
#40 🇬🇼 Guinea-Bissau 79%


‹12345…19›
Sudan tops the list with public debt at 252% of GDP, driven by prolonged conflict and severe economic challenges. The African country unseated
Japan as the country with the highest debt-to-GDP ratio in 2023, the
same year in which the Sudan civil war broke out.

Japan has the highest debt burden among developed countries at 235% of
GDP, with persistent fiscal deficits and an aging population
contributing to its rising debt. Along with Japan, Singapore (175%),
Bahrain (141%), and Italy (137%) are among the most-indebted developed
nations.

The U.S. also has a high debt-to-GDP ratio of 123%, reflecting years of
deficit spending and large-scale stimulus policies in response to recent economic crises like the pandemic.

Meanwhile, Germany has the lowest debt burden among G7 nations at 65% of
GDP, and this is projected to fall to 58% by 2029.

The Impact of High Debt Levels
High public debt levels are typically a result of various factors,
including aggressive monetary policies, quantitative easing, slow or
negative economic growth, and public spending needs.

Typically, debt-to-GDP ratios balloon following periods of recessions or economic shocks, such as the 2008 Financial Crisis and the COVID-19
pandemic, when governments use fiscal stimulus to improve economic health.

While debt can be helpful in dealing with economic downturns, persistent
and excessive debt carries long-term risks. These include slower GDP
growth, currency depreciation, and in extreme cases, sovereign defaults
that require IMF-led bailouts.

However, some countries like Japan and the U.S. issue debt in their own currencies and have flexibility in managing debt loads by printing more
money. Yet, even these countries face rising interest costs as debt
levels increase.

Learn More on the Voronoi App
What does the global economic growth landscape look like in 2025? Find
out in this infographic Changing GDP Growth Forecasts for 2025, on the
Voronoi app.

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